在有机化学中,我们学到了“官能团”这个概念,并定义为:决定着化合物的化学特性的原子团。从官能团的定义可以知道:如果化合物的官能团不同,化学性质也不同(当然物理性质也不同)。如醇和醛,官能团不同,化学性质也不同。而醇类之所以有相似的化学性质,则是由于有相同的官能团——羟基(—OH)的缘故。但仅从以上这些就完全真正认识“官能团”了吗?没有。如果停止在上面的理解,就看不清官能团的全部面目,就会陷入形而上学的泥坑,甚至得出错误的结论。例如酚和醇虽然有相同的官能团,但它们的 In organic chemistry, we have learned the notion of “functional groups” and are defined as radicals that determine the chemical properties of a compound. From the definition of functional groups can know: If the compounds of different functional groups, chemical properties are different (of course, different physical properties). Such as alcohols and aldehydes, different functional groups, different chemical properties. The reason why alcohols have similar chemical properties is due to the same functional group - hydroxyl (-OH) sake. But can you really understand “functional groups” only from the above? No. If you stop in the above understanding, you can not see all the features of functional groups, it will fall into the metaphysical mud, and even come to the wrong conclusion. For example, phenols and alcohols have the same functional groups, but they are