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本文应用免疫组化法对７６例小儿肾炎肾组织进行了ＨＢｓＡｇ及ＨＢｃＡｇ检测。ＨＢＶ抗原总检出率为１８．４％（１４／７６），ＨＢｓＡｇ与ＨＢｃＡｓ沉积分别为１７．１％（１３／７６）与１３．２％（１０／７６）。膜性肾病肾组织中ＨＢＶ抗原检出率为７６．９％（１０／１３），ＨＢｓＡｇ与ＨＢｃＡｇ沉积分别为６９．２％（９／１３）及６１．５％（８／１３）。而其它病理类型肾炎肾组织中ＨＢＶ抗原检出率仅为６．３％（４／６３），ＨＢｓＡｇ及ＨＢｃＡｇ阳性各为６．３％（４／６３）及３．２％（２／６３）。提示ＨＢＶ抗原尤其是ＨＢｓＡｇ与其相关抗体形成的免疫复合物与小儿膜性肾病的发病密切相关。并对ＨＢｓＡｇ参与膜性肾病发病的可能途径进行了讨论。
In this paper, 76 cases of children with nephritis renal tissue HBsAg and HBcAg immunohistochemical detection. The total detection rate of HBV antigens was 18.4% (14/76). The deposition of HBsAg and HBcAs were 17.1% (13/76) and 13.2% (10/76), respectively. The detection rate of HBV antigen in membranous nephropathy kidney was 76.9% (10/13), and that of HBsAg and HBcAg were 69.2% (9/13) and 61.5% (8/13) respectively. However, the positive rate of HBsAg and HBcAg were 6.3% (4/63) and 3.2% (2/63) in other pathological nephritic kidney tissues, respectively, with a positive rate of 6.3% (4/63) . It is suggested that the immune complexes formed by HBV antigens, especially HBsAg and its related antibodies, are closely related to the pathogenesis of membranous nephropathy in children. The possible pathways of HBsAg involved in the pathogenesis of membranous nephropathy were discussed.