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目的了解2008—2012年梅州市创建国家卫生城市对居民健康素养的影响,为健康素养干预提供科学依据。方法采取多阶段分层随机抽样方法,在梅江区3个镇和3个办事处90个村(居委)中,随机抽取1镇1办各3个村(居委)15~74岁常住人口进行以《公民健康素养66条》为主要内容的健康教育干预,分别在干预前后对健康素养具备情况进行问卷调查分析。结果干预前调查1 270人,干预后调查1 280人,干预前后调查对象在城乡、性别、年龄及文化程度构成上差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。梅州市居民总健康素养以及基本知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为和基本技能3方面具备率分别由干预前的9.5%、11.8%、10.5%、14.6%升高至干预后的19.4%、17.3%、14.8%、33.6%,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。干预后5类问题的健康素养正确回答率(科学健康观19.4%、传染病预防32.9%、慢性病预防22.3%、安全与应急48.8%、基本医疗15.2%)比干预前(9.5%、24.5%、12.8%、22.2%、9.4%)明显提高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论梅州市通过创建国家卫生城市,对居民健康素养知识和技能的掌握有明显效果。
Objective To understand the influence of establishing a national health city on health literacy in Meizhou from 2008 to 2012, and provide a scientific basis for health literacy intervention. Methods A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was adopted. Among 3 towns in Meijiang District and 90 villages (neighborhood committees) in 3 offices, 1 town, 1 village and 3 villages (neighborhood committees) The population carried out health education intervention with “civil health literacy 66” as the main content, and conducted questionnaire analysis on the health literacy status before and after the intervention. Results A total of 1 270 people were investigated before intervention and 1280 after intervention. There was no significant difference in the composition of urban, rural, sex, age and educational level before and after the intervention (all P> 0.05). Meizhou residents’ total health literacy and basic knowledge and ideas, healthy lifestyles and behaviors and basic skills were increased from 9.5%, 11.8%, 10.5% and 14.6% before intervention to 19.4% and 17.3% respectively after intervention %, 14.8% and 33.6%, respectively (all P <0.01). The correct rate of health literacy (19.4% for scientific health, 32.9% for infectious diseases, 22.3% for chronic diseases, 48.8% for safety and emergency and 15.2% for basic medical care) were better than those before intervention (9.5%, 24.5% 12.8%, 22.2% and 9.4%, respectively). The differences were statistically significant (all P <0.01). Conclusion Through the creation of a national health city, Meizhou City has obvious effects on the knowledge and skills of residents’ health literacy.