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美国是当今世界上公益诉讼制度最完备的国家,其环境公益诉讼无论是在立法还是司法实践方面均有很大影响力。20世纪70年代以来,美国通过的涉及环境保护的联邦法律,都通过“公民诉讼”条款明文规定公民的环境公益诉讼的诉讼主体资格。比如,1970年的《清洁空气法》和1972年的《清洁水法》弥补了政府实施环境法的缺陷,放宽了对环境民事和行政起诉权的限制,在世界上首创了环境公民诉讼制度。根据“公民诉讼”制度,原则上利害关
The United States is the country with the most complete public interest litigation system in the world. Its environmental public interest litigation has great influence both in legislation and judicial practice. Since the 1970s, the federal laws passed by the United States concerning environmental protection all expressly stipulate citizens’ litigability of environmental public interest litigation through the provisions of “civil suit”. For example, the Clean Air Act of 1970 and the Clean Water Act of 1972 made up for the shortcomings of the government in implementing environmental laws, relaxed the restrictions on environmental civil and administrative litigation rights, and initiated the environmental citizen litigation system in the world. According to “civil suit ” system, in principle, interest