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目的了解影响中国农村6~11岁在校小学生受忽视状况的危险因素,为制订科学的干预措施奠定基础。方法根据多阶段分层整群抽样原则,在全国随机抽取9个省/直辖市,28个县的6~8岁与9~11岁小学生分别为3863名与4080名,性别分布均衡。采用“中国农村6~8岁小学生忽视评价常模”与“中国农村9~11岁小学生忽视评价常模”制定的量表进行问卷调查。应用SPSS 13.0软件对数据进行统计学描述、x~2检验、方差分析、二元Logistic回归与多元逐步回归分析处理。结果中国农村6~8岁与9~11岁小学生总忽视率分别为40.2%(1 258/3 130)与42.5%(1 498/3 526),总忽视度分别为46.04±8.87与44.78±10.43;6~8岁组不同性别的忽视率与忽视度之间的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),小学1~3年级、4~6年级及9~11岁组不同性别的忽视率与忽视度之间的差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);单因素x~2检验结果显示6~8岁组的“民族”不是儿童受忽视的危险因素(P>0.05),两组其余所有因素差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)均为小学生受忽视的危险因素;经过单因素x~2检验与F分析,影响6~11岁儿童受忽视频度与强度的危险因素主要有“是否独生子女,是否有单独房间,父母亲的职业、文化程度及其与孩子之间的关系等”(均P<0.05,且均覆盖忽视的6个层面),二元Logistic回归与多元逐步回归分析结果也显示其受忽视的危险因素主要为“是否独生及孩子与父母之间的相互关系”。结论中国农村6~8岁与9~11岁小学生忽视状况均较严重,而影响其受忽视的主要因素为“是否独生、父母与孩子之间的关系及父母之间关系”等。
Objective To understand the risk factors affecting the neglect of school-age pupils aged 6 ~ 11 in rural China and lay the foundation for the formulation of scientific interventions. Methods According to the principle of multistage stratified cluster sampling, randomly selected 9 provinces / municipalities from 28 provinces in China were 3863 and 4080 pupils aged from 6 to 8 and 40 to 11 respectively, with a balanced distribution of sex. Adopting the questionnaire of “the scale of neglect evaluation of primary school students aged 6 ~ 8 in rural areas of China” and the “scale of neglect evaluation of 9 ~ 11 primary school pupils in rural areas of China”. The data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software, x ~ 2 test, analysis of variance, binary logistic regression and multiple stepwise regression analysis. Results The total neglect rates of pupils aged 6 ~ 8 and 9 ~ 11 years old in rural China were 40.2% (1 258/3 130) and 42.5% (1 498/3 526), respectively, and the total ignorance were 46.04 ± 8.87 and 44.78 ± 10.43 There were no significant differences in the rates of neglect and neglect between 6 and 8 years old groups (P> 0.05). The neglect rates of different sexes in primary school grades 1 to 3, 4 to 6 and 9 to 11 years (P <0.05). The result of single factor x ~ 2 test showed that “nationality ” in 6 ~ 8 years old group was not the neglected risk factor for children (P> 0.05) All the remaining factors in the two groups were significantly different (all P <0.05) were neglected risk factors for primary school students; after univariate x ~ 2 test and F analysis, 6 to 11 years old children affected by neglect and intensity The main risk factors are “whether one child, whether there is a separate room, parental occupation, education level and its relationship with the child ” (all P <0.05, and covering six neglected levels), two Logistic regression analysis and multivariate stepwise regression analysis also showed that the main risk factors for neglect were “whether or not only child and parent-child relationship”. Conclusion The neglect of primary school students aged 6 to 9 and 9 to 11 years in rural China is more serious, and the main factors that affect their neglect are “whether or not only child, the relationship between parents and children and the relationship between parents” and so on.