目的了解江苏省镇江市丹徒区中小学生血吸虫感染现状。方法对丹徒区中小学生采用胶体染料试纸条法(DDIA)进行血清流行病学调查。结果丹徒区有中小学生48437人,受检45169人,受检率为93.25%;DDIA检测阳性549人,阳性率1.22%。男性的DDIA阳性率高于女性(χ2=146.70,P<0.01);未控制地区DDIA阳性率高于传播阻断地区(χ2=313.88,P<0.01);未控制地区6～12岁DDIA阳性率逐渐增加,12岁达最高,13～18岁逐渐下降;相邻年龄组DDIA检测结果显示,7岁与8岁组差异有显著性(χ2=4.50,P<0.05),12岁与13岁组差异有显著性(χ2=4.96,P<0.05),16岁与17岁组差异有显著性(χ2=10.75,P<0.01)。结论小学生随年龄增加DDIA阳性率逐渐上升至12岁达高峰,13岁后(进入中学)DDIA阳性率下降,故加强小学生的血防健康教育尤其重要。 Objective To understand the current status of schistosomiasis among pupils and middle school students in Dantu District, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province. Methods Primary and secondary school students in Dantu District, using colloidal dye test strip method (DDIA) for serum serological investigation. Results There were 48,437 primary and secondary students in Dantu District, 45,169 subjects were examined, the detection rate was 93.25%; DDIA test positive 549, the positive rate of 1.22%. The positive rate of DDIA in males was higher than that in females (χ2 = 146.70, P <0.01). The positive rate of DDIA in uncontrolled areas was higher than that in the areas of blockade (χ2 = 313.88, P <0.01) (P <0.05). The DDIA test in adjacent age groups showed that there was a significant difference between the 7-year and 8-year olds (χ2 = 4.50, P <0.05) The difference was significant (χ2 = 4.96, P <0.05). There was significant difference between 16 years old and 17 years old (χ2 = 10.75, P <0.01). Conclusion The prevalence of DDIA in primary school pupils gradually increases to reach the peak at the age of 12 with the increase of age. The positive rate of DDIA after 13 years of age (entering secondary school) is declining. Therefore, it is especially important to strengthen primary school students’ blood-borne health education.