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反语(irony)在修辞学、文学、心理学以及语言学各个领域都有重要的研究。本文从中国日语学习者的立场,从理解的角度,对日语交际中的反语的认知、理解情况进行研究。反语的表现特征,是内含的意思经常是贬义。这种特征为我们在用日语和日语母语者进行交流的时候,识别反语发话具有重要启示作用。反语发话有两种情况,一种是发话内容论及听话人以及另外其他人;一种是不指向他人而指向发话人本身。具体模式主要有表现否定态度,显示权力与地位,缓解紧张气氛,保全面子,以及幽默自嘲等这几种形式。掌握了这些情况,对日语学习及理解是有利的。
Irony has important research in all fields of rhetoric, literature, psychology, and linguistics. This paper studies the cognition and comprehension of irony in Japanese communication from the perspective of Chinese Japanese learners from the perspective of understanding. The expression of irony is often implicit in meaning. This feature is important for us to recognize the pronoun of speech when we communicate with native Japanese speakers. There are two kinds of situations in which the speech is spoken. One is that the speech content refers to the hearer and the others; the other is that it does not point to others but points to the speaker himself. The specific models are mainly those that show negative attitude, show power and status, ease tensions, preserve face, and laugh at themselves. It is good for Japanese to learn and understand these situations.