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◆1 sacrifice
1) n 供品,供奉;牺牲,献身
例如:hey offered sacrifices to the gods 他们向众神献上祭品。
A lot of pigs, goats and cows are killed during the sacrifice 在祭祀中,很多的猪、牛、羊被杀。
uccess in your job is not worth the sacrifice of your health 工作的成功并不值得你牺牲健康。
His parents made a lot of sacrifices to make sure he got a good education 父母作出巨大牺牲来确保他接受好的教育。
) vt 牺牲,献出
例如:he designers have sacrificed speed for fuel economy 设计者为节省燃料而牺牲了速度。
Would you sacrifice a football match to go to make a date with a girl? 你愿意放弃一场足球赛去跟一个女孩约会吗?
It is the company’s policy to sacrifice short-term profits for the sake of long-term growth 公司的政策就是为了长期的增长而牺牲短期的利益。
【联想发散】
make sacrifices to do做出牺牲来做某事
sacrifice sth for sb/sth 为……而牺牲……
he sacrificed everything for her children 她为了子女牺牲了一切。
He made lots of sacrifices to meet his children’s needs 他作出很大的牺牲来满足孩子的需求。
◆ circumstance n 情况,境况,形势
例如:We can’t judge what he did until we know all the circumstances 直到我们知道所有情况,我们才能判断他做了什么。
Grants are awarded according to your financial circumstances 补助金根据经济状况发放。
【联想发散】
in / under…circumstances 在……的情况下
例如:Under the circumstances, it seemed better not to tell him about the accident 在这种情况下,不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。
I know I can trust her in any circumstances。我知道,在任何情况下我都信任她。
in / under no circumstances
例如:Under no circumstances can you lend him money 你无论如何都不能借钱给他。
In no circumstances should you leave the school without the teachers’ permission 在任何情况下,没有老师的允许都不应该离开学校。
【词义辨析】
circumstance, condition, situation, position
1) circumstance 指情况、境况。
例如:in the circumstance 在这种情况下
) condition 指条件、状况。如:living conditions 生活条件,in good condition 状态良好;on condition that 只有,在这个条件下
3) situation指情形,形势
例如:political situation 政治形势
4) position 指位置,职位,岗位。如:apply for the position 申请这个职位
【即时操练】
1) Can you find our on the map?
) he result was the best that could be expected in the
3) he global economic is getting better and better
4) I will come on that John is invited too
答案:1) position ) circumstances 3) situation 4) condition
◆3 polish
n 鞋油,去污剂,亮彩,摩擦
例如:Your shoes need a polish 你的鞋需要擦一擦。
He bought a tin of brown polish 他昨天买了一罐褐色鞋油。
A hot plate can spoil the table’s polish 热盘子会毁掉桌面的光滑。
Your writing has potential but lacks polish 你的文章有潜质但缺少文采。
vt 磨光,擦亮,提高,改进
例如:He polished his floor with a special chemical 他用一种特殊的化学物质来擦地板。
【联想发散】
1) polish up 磨光,擦亮,提高,改进
例如:He polished up an old copper coin 他擦亮了一枚古铜币。
I’ll need to polish up my French if I’m going to France for my holidays 如果我想去法国旅游,我需要提高我的法语。
) polish off 吃完,完成
例如:He polished off a plate of fish in no time at all 他瞬间就吃完了一盘鱼。
◆4 centre around / round 以……为中心,围绕
例如:His interests are centred around / round his family。他一心扑在家庭上。
Our thoughts were centred round / around the girl who died in the accident 我们的脑海中一直是那个在车祸中丧生的女孩。
【联想发散】
centre on / upon 以……为中心
例如:he discussion was centered on / upon the development of economy 讨论以经济发展为中心。
centre sth in 使……集中于
例如:Most of fighting was centred in the north of the capital 战斗大都集中在首都北部。
◆5 such as 例如
例如:We have planted a lot of different flowers, such as roses and poppies 他种了许多种花,如玫瑰、罂粟等。
uch people as he shouldn’t be allowed in 像他这种人不应该允许进来。
【联想发散】
as such 像这样,为此
例如:It’s not an agreement as such, but it will have actually the same effect as one 确切而言,这不是一份协议,但事实上效力和一份协议一样。
It snowed heavily last night, and as such we have to put off the match 昨晚下了一场大雪,为此,我们得推迟比赛。
【词组辨析】 suchas, suchthat
在suchas中,as引导定语从句,as在从句中作主语或宾语;
在suchthat中,that引导状语从句,that在从句中不作成份。
例如:his is such a heavy box that I can’t carry it (状语从句) 这是一个如此重的箱子,以至于我提不动它。
his is such a heavy box as I can’t carry (定语从句) 这是一个重得我提不动的箱子。
【即时操练】用that或as填空
1) He is such a good teacher all of us love and respect him
) he Wenchuan Earthquake was such a strong one no one had ever experienced before
答案:1) that;) as
◆6 loose adj
1) 松散的,不紧的
例如:he radio wasn’t working because of a loose connection in the wires 收音机不响,因为电线的接头处松了。
) 零散的,散装的
例如:he potatoes were sold loose, not in bags 土豆是散装而不是袋装出售。
3) 未束缚的,自由的
例如:he horse had broken loose from its tether and ran away 那匹马挣脱缰绳跑了。
4) 不结实的,不坚固的
例如:his tpye of plant grows well in loose soil 这种植物在疏松的土壤中生长良好。
5) 不严格的,不精确的
例如:he loose translation cost the firm a lot of money 不准确的译文使公司损失巨大。
6) 粗心的,不负责的
例如:Never tell him a secret; he’s got a loose tongue 绝不能告诉他秘密,他总是多嘴。
【联想发散】
let sb loose 给某人自由
be on the loose 在逃,自由
let loose sth 喊出;发表
break loose from sb 摆脱,挣脱
stay loose 保持镇静
拓展:loosen v
例如:He loosened his grip and let her go 他松开手让她走了。
【即时操练】
He likes wearing a shirt, which makes him comfort
A lossloose
C lost D loosen
答案:
(作者:王祥国,江苏省平潮高级中学)
1) n 供品,供奉;牺牲,献身
例如:hey offered sacrifices to the gods 他们向众神献上祭品。
A lot of pigs, goats and cows are killed during the sacrifice 在祭祀中,很多的猪、牛、羊被杀。
uccess in your job is not worth the sacrifice of your health 工作的成功并不值得你牺牲健康。
His parents made a lot of sacrifices to make sure he got a good education 父母作出巨大牺牲来确保他接受好的教育。
) vt 牺牲,献出
例如:he designers have sacrificed speed for fuel economy 设计者为节省燃料而牺牲了速度。
Would you sacrifice a football match to go to make a date with a girl? 你愿意放弃一场足球赛去跟一个女孩约会吗?
It is the company’s policy to sacrifice short-term profits for the sake of long-term growth 公司的政策就是为了长期的增长而牺牲短期的利益。
【联想发散】
make sacrifices to do做出牺牲来做某事
sacrifice sth for sb/sth 为……而牺牲……
he sacrificed everything for her children 她为了子女牺牲了一切。
He made lots of sacrifices to meet his children’s needs 他作出很大的牺牲来满足孩子的需求。
◆ circumstance n 情况,境况,形势
例如:We can’t judge what he did until we know all the circumstances 直到我们知道所有情况,我们才能判断他做了什么。
Grants are awarded according to your financial circumstances 补助金根据经济状况发放。
【联想发散】
in / under…circumstances 在……的情况下
例如:Under the circumstances, it seemed better not to tell him about the accident 在这种情况下,不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。
I know I can trust her in any circumstances。我知道,在任何情况下我都信任她。
in / under no circumstances
例如:Under no circumstances can you lend him money 你无论如何都不能借钱给他。
In no circumstances should you leave the school without the teachers’ permission 在任何情况下,没有老师的允许都不应该离开学校。
【词义辨析】
circumstance, condition, situation, position
1) circumstance 指情况、境况。
例如:in the circumstance 在这种情况下
) condition 指条件、状况。如:living conditions 生活条件,in good condition 状态良好;on condition that 只有,在这个条件下
3) situation指情形,形势
例如:political situation 政治形势
4) position 指位置,职位,岗位。如:apply for the position 申请这个职位
【即时操练】
1) Can you find our on the map?
) he result was the best that could be expected in the
3) he global economic is getting better and better
4) I will come on that John is invited too
答案:1) position ) circumstances 3) situation 4) condition
◆3 polish
n 鞋油,去污剂,亮彩,摩擦
例如:Your shoes need a polish 你的鞋需要擦一擦。
He bought a tin of brown polish 他昨天买了一罐褐色鞋油。
A hot plate can spoil the table’s polish 热盘子会毁掉桌面的光滑。
Your writing has potential but lacks polish 你的文章有潜质但缺少文采。
vt 磨光,擦亮,提高,改进
例如:He polished his floor with a special chemical 他用一种特殊的化学物质来擦地板。
【联想发散】
1) polish up 磨光,擦亮,提高,改进
例如:He polished up an old copper coin 他擦亮了一枚古铜币。
I’ll need to polish up my French if I’m going to France for my holidays 如果我想去法国旅游,我需要提高我的法语。
) polish off 吃完,完成
例如:He polished off a plate of fish in no time at all 他瞬间就吃完了一盘鱼。
◆4 centre around / round 以……为中心,围绕
例如:His interests are centred around / round his family。他一心扑在家庭上。
Our thoughts were centred round / around the girl who died in the accident 我们的脑海中一直是那个在车祸中丧生的女孩。
【联想发散】
centre on / upon 以……为中心
例如:he discussion was centered on / upon the development of economy 讨论以经济发展为中心。
centre sth in 使……集中于
例如:Most of fighting was centred in the north of the capital 战斗大都集中在首都北部。
◆5 such as 例如
例如:We have planted a lot of different flowers, such as roses and poppies 他种了许多种花,如玫瑰、罂粟等。
uch people as he shouldn’t be allowed in 像他这种人不应该允许进来。
【联想发散】
as such 像这样,为此
例如:It’s not an agreement as such, but it will have actually the same effect as one 确切而言,这不是一份协议,但事实上效力和一份协议一样。
It snowed heavily last night, and as such we have to put off the match 昨晚下了一场大雪,为此,我们得推迟比赛。
【词组辨析】 suchas, suchthat
在suchas中,as引导定语从句,as在从句中作主语或宾语;
在suchthat中,that引导状语从句,that在从句中不作成份。
例如:his is such a heavy box that I can’t carry it (状语从句) 这是一个如此重的箱子,以至于我提不动它。
his is such a heavy box as I can’t carry (定语从句) 这是一个重得我提不动的箱子。
【即时操练】用that或as填空
1) He is such a good teacher all of us love and respect him
) he Wenchuan Earthquake was such a strong one no one had ever experienced before
答案:1) that;) as
◆6 loose adj
1) 松散的,不紧的
例如:he radio wasn’t working because of a loose connection in the wires 收音机不响,因为电线的接头处松了。
) 零散的,散装的
例如:he potatoes were sold loose, not in bags 土豆是散装而不是袋装出售。
3) 未束缚的,自由的
例如:he horse had broken loose from its tether and ran away 那匹马挣脱缰绳跑了。
4) 不结实的,不坚固的
例如:his tpye of plant grows well in loose soil 这种植物在疏松的土壤中生长良好。
5) 不严格的,不精确的
例如:he loose translation cost the firm a lot of money 不准确的译文使公司损失巨大。
6) 粗心的,不负责的
例如:Never tell him a secret; he’s got a loose tongue 绝不能告诉他秘密,他总是多嘴。
【联想发散】
let sb loose 给某人自由
be on the loose 在逃,自由
let loose sth 喊出;发表
break loose from sb 摆脱,挣脱
stay loose 保持镇静
拓展:loosen v
例如:He loosened his grip and let her go 他松开手让她走了。
【即时操练】
He likes wearing a shirt, which makes him comfort
A lossloose
C lost D loosen
答案:
(作者:王祥国,江苏省平潮高级中学)