本文总结了近代研究性学习的三次大规模的倡导,以苏格拉底论“美德”和孔子的“叩其两端”两则教学案例说明研究性学习教学方法的萌芽最早源于苏格拉底的“产婆术”和孔子的“启发式”教学,并阐明了这两种教学方法为我们当今开展研究性学习提供的理论基础。 This article summarizes the three large-scale advocacy of modern research-based learning, and illustrates the sprout of research-based learning method with two teaching cases: Socratic theory, “virtue” and Confucius’s “both ends” Socrates’ “Production of Motherhood” and Confucius’s “Heuristic” teaching, and elucidated both of these teaching methods for our present research to provide the theoretical basis.