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在《文学超验主义》(LiteraryTranscendentalism)中 ,劳伦斯·布艾 (LawrenceBuell)指出 ,预言的冲动 ,为自我而新造自然 ,用第一人称言说 ,是美国文学史的 3个主导母题。笼统地说 ,这个论断似乎不错 ,但落实到具体的族群 ,它好像忽略了美国文学中一支越来越重要的主力军———黑人文学 ,即非美文学 (AfricanAmericanLiterature)。在非美文学中 ,特别是早期的奴隶自述里 ,种族的使命意识一直是一条主线。本文以《道格拉斯自述》为个案探讨黑人文学的使命书模式 ,并指出该自传的 3个阐释策略 :制度的系统定性 ,传记事实的类型归纳和象征性自我的打造。
In Literary Transcendentalism, Lawrence Buell points out that the impulse of prophecy to create a new nature for the self and the first person to speak are the three dominant motifs in the history of American literature. Generally speaking, this conclusion seems to be good, but its implementation to a specific ethnic group seems to have neglected an increasingly important force in American literature --- Black Literature, that is, African American Literary. In non-American literature, especially in earlier slave claims, racial awareness of mission has been the main thread. This article takes Douglas’ Statement as a case study to explore the mission book model of black literature and points out three interpretations of the autobiography: the systematic nature of the system, the type of biographical fact, and the symbolic self.