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本文研究了4个大豆品种种子经EMS处理M_2代主要农艺性状的遗传变异及相关关系。M_2代主要农艺性状均发生不同程度的遗传变异,分枝数、株高、单株荚数的遗传变异系数较大,接近或超过20％。M_2代各性状的广义遗传力以生育期、株高、主茎节数和分枝数较高,单株荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重为中等,百粒重的遗传力偏低。M_2代按10％的选择率进行选择,各主要农艺性状都能获得一定的遗传进度,分枝数、株高、单株粒数的相对遗传进度最高。单株粒数、单株荚数、全株重及生育期与单株粒重呈极显著的基因型和表型正相关;株高、主茎节数、分枝数与单株粒数、单株荚数也呈极显著的基因型和表型正相关,为相关选择指出了方向。M_2代中,株高、生育期的株系间变异大于株系内变异;分枝数、单株荚数、单株粒数的株系间变异小于株系内变异。对株系内变异大的性状,M_2代株行群体以适当大些为宜。
In this paper, the genetic variation and correlation of the main agronomic traits of 4 soybean varieties treated by EMS were studied. The main agronomic traits of M_2 all occurred in different degrees of genetic variation. The coefficient of variation of branches, plant height and pods per plant were larger, close to or over 20%. The broad heritability of each trait in M_2 was characterized by higher growth stage, plant height, higher number of main stem nodes and higher branches, pods per plant, grains per plant, moderate grain weight per plant, low. M_2 generation selection rate of 10%, the major agronomic traits can get a certain degree of genetic progress, branch number, plant height, grain number per plant relative genetic progress highest. The number of plant per plant, the number of pods per plant, the whole plant weight and the growth period had a significant positive correlation with the grain weight per plant. The plant height, the number of main stems, the number of branches, The number of pods per plant also showed a significant genotype and phenotype positive correlation, pointing out the direction for the relevant selection. In the M_2 generation, the variation between strains in the plant height and growth period was greater than that in the inbred lines. The variation in the number of branches, the number of pods per plant and the number of grains per plant was less than that in the lines. Variation within the line of large traits, M_2 generation line group appropriate to appropriate larger.