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目的掌握湖南省血吸虫病流行区在达到传播控制(传控)、传播阻断(传阻)前后螺情和病情的动态变化规律,为血吸虫病防治工作提供科学依据。方法选择湖南省武陵区、西湖管理区和临澧县为调查县(区)。采取回顾性调查方法,搜集、记录3个县达到传控前10年至2008年的血吸虫病疫情资料,建立调查资料数据库,分析各县螺情、病情变化趁势及规律。结果武陵区疫情逐年下降,于1974年降至查不到钉螺、病人、病畜,并保持至2008年;西湖区首次达传控后疫情出现大幅度回升,于1997年再次达传控,此后疫情保持稳定,感染性钉螺面积与人群血吸虫感染率呈正相关(r=0.584,P<0.05);临澧县在2次达到查不到钉螺、病人、病畜的疫情水平下,2次疫情回升过程中,均有螺情回升。武陵区和临澧县1960年至首次查不到钉螺期间,钉螺密度与人群、家畜血吸虫感染率呈正相关(r武陵区人群=0.965,P<0.05,r武陵区家畜=0.970,P<0.05;r临澧县人群=0.923,P<0.05,r临澧县家畜=0.908,P<0.05)。结论螺情为血吸虫病疫情回升预警的重要指标之一;钉螺控制是血吸虫病防控的重要措施之一。
Objective To understand the dynamic changes of the snail and the disease before and after the transmission control (transmission control) and transmission interruption (transmission resistance) in the endemic areas of schistosomiasis in Hunan Province, and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of schistosomiasis. Methods Wuling District of Hunan Province, West Lake Management District and Linqu County as survey counties (districts). A retrospective survey was conducted to collect and record the data on the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in the three counties from the first 10 years to the year of 2008 and the data on the establishment of a survey database to analyze the prevalence and laws of the prevalence of schistosomiasis in various counties. Results The epidemic situation of Wuling District decreased year by year, and it was not found in 1974 for snails, patients and sick animals. The epidemic situation in Xihu District rose sharply after it was first transmitted and controlled in 1997, and again reached the level of control in 1997 The epidemic situation remained stable. The infection snail area was positively correlated with the infection rate of the population (r = 0.584, P <0.05). In the two cases of snail infection, patients and sick animals were not found in Linli County, the two epidemic recovery processes In both, there is a spiral pick up. There was a positive correlation between snail density and infection rate of the population and domestic animals in Wuling district and Lintao county from 1960 to the first time that snails were not found (r = 0.965, P <0.05, r = 0.970, P <0.05) Linli County population = 0.923, P <0.05, r Linqu County livestock = 0.908, P <0.05). Conclusion The snail is one of the important indicators for the early warning of the rising of schistosomiasis. Snail control is one of the important measures to prevent and control schistosomiasis.