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随着北京市昌平区社会和经济的发展,地下水的需求量日益增加,过量开采导致地下水位持续下降。在对北京市昌平区水文地质条件分析基础上,基于GIS技术分析了地下水位的年内变化、年际变化以及地下水位动态的空间分布特征和变化规律。结果表明昌平区地下水2001—2011年,年内变化较大,总体上与多年年内变化一致;年际变化较大,呈不断增加的趋势。昌平区2011年的平原区松散孔隙浅层地下水位埋深最大为89.8 m,最小为2.0 m左右;与2001年相比水位埋深普遍增大,平均地下水位埋深较2001年增加了12.55 m,降深最高达到22.0 m,年均降速为1.1 m。平原区中部和东部开采强度大,地下水位降深较大,而山区以及山前平原一带开采力度小,水位降深不大,部分地区有回升趋势。
With the social and economic development of Changping District in Beijing, the demand for groundwater is increasing. Over-exploitation of groundwater leads to a continuous decline in groundwater level. Based on the analysis of hydrogeological conditions in Changping District, Beijing, the spatial and temporal distribution of groundwater table and its spatial distribution are analyzed based on GIS. The results show that the groundwater in Changping District changed greatly in 2001-2011, which was consistent with the change in years. The annual variation varied greatly and showed an increasing trend. In Changping District, the shallow groundwater depth in shallow plain in 2011 was 89.8 m and the minimum was about 2.0 m. Compared with 2001, the water depth generally increased, and the average depth of groundwater table increased by 12.55 m compared with 2001 , Down to a maximum of 22.0 m, with an average annual deceleration of 1.1 m. The exploitation in the central and eastern part of the plain area is strong and the groundwater level drops deeper. However, the exploitation intensity in the mountainous area and the piedmont plain is small, and the water level is not greatly reduced. Some areas have a tendency of recovery.