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The curator of Beijing’s Palace Museum, Zheng Xinmiao, has been a largely low-profile figure, and his name only became known to mos average Chinese citizens after the Xinhua News Agency released an interview with him in August, in which Zheng apologized for a string of mishaps in the institution that houses the largest collection of China’s national treasures.
The Palace Museum, founded in 1925, is located in the Forbidden City, which served as the Chinese imperial palace in Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties.
The bad times for the museum began on May 8, when exhibition pieces on loan from a Hong Kong-based museum were stolen from the palace complex. In the following three months a series of scandals, from the damage of rare antiques by staff to an alleged attempt to cover up an embezzlement scam involving its security guards and tour guides, have hit the Palace Museum.
Response
The sheer number of scandals surrounding the Palace Museum have led the general public to lose faith in the management of Beijing’s most popular cultural heritage site.
“Perhaps they’ve covered up many similar mistakes before,” said a netizen known as Thinkid in a post on Sina Weibo, a twitterlike micro-blogging service in China.
Wu Zhengyuan, a Beijing resident, said in a blog post, “The Palace Museum is a world famous landmark containing numerous items that are thousands of years old. It is an important piece of heritage for foreign visitors and Chinese alike. But if no responsible staff can be found to properly take care of even these treasured items then frankly it’s difficult to feel optimistic about China’s standing in the world.”
Many people suggested that those who are responsible for damaging these historical artifacts should be severely punished.
In the interview with Xinhua News Agency on August 20, Zheng admitted a 1,000-year-old porcelain masterpiece was broken by a researcher during tests in July, and he apologized for not informing the public earlier.
He admitted that July’s accident was the third caused by careless staff members over the past two years. Two ritual implements suffered damage in May 2004, and a flower receptacle was damaged in 2009.
He also said the museum had been offering monetary rewards for those who come forward with information that leads to the arrest of employees found cheating the museum out of ticket revenue.
Zheng pledged to upgrade the museum’s security system, and to enhance the level of care given to artifacts. He also promised more transparency and engagement with the public.
Concerns
Despite the recent scandals and grow
ing public discontent, the Palace Museum is in fact in the throes of its largest ever renovation, which began in 2002. The total investment in the refurbishment will be 1.7 billion yuan ($266 million) and the project is expected to be completed by 2020.
According to the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, once refurbished the appearance of the Palace Museum will match the original appearance of the palace’s halls and buildings. Visitors will not only be able to admire the magnificent architecture and gorgeous imperial collection, they will also be able to see how the government of ancient dynasties operated, and what life was like inside and outside the court. Officials said the Palace Museum would no longer be simply a repository of relics, but an organic cultural entity.
A veteran Palace Museum expert who asked to remain anonymous failed to echo the officials’ enthusiasm. “The original structure of the imperial palace should be preserved in its entirety, such an enormous refurbishment project would be bound to cause damage. The construction will inevitably cause overall structural alterations.”
Possible changes to the imperial complex’s structures are not the only concerns related to the refurbishment. A blogger called Wuzini questioned if the 1.7 billion yuan would go to the right place. “Do they have a monitoring system to take care of
this huge amount of money?” he said in a post.
Wuzini has grounds for concern. On August 17, a wall of the imperial Mountain Resort of the Qing Dynasty in Chengde, in Hebei Province, near Beijing, collapsed after heavy rain, raising questions about the use of maintenance funds. The 10-km wall was built in the 18th century and is part of a UNESCO-designated world heritage site. The Central Government allocated about 300 million yuan ($47 million) to repair the wall and the resort in 2010, but the wall simply slid off following heavy showers just a year later.
“Many major museums have become microcosms of inefficiency in China. If change can’t be brought about internally, it will be necessary to bring to bear some outside pressure for reform,” said Zhang Xiaoming, Deputy Director of the Cultural Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.
Loopholes
According to Zhang, the biggest problem is that many museums are regarded by the public as closed and arrogant institutions with a lack of public participation in their affairs.
For example, the management of the Palace Museum has been roundly criticized for its poor attitude and excessive bureaucracy in handling the internal mishaps.
“Almost all the officials in the museum are appointed by the government and I don’t think most of them are qualified to run the museum,” said Gao He, who retired from the Palace Museum in 1997.
Gao believes that the size of the museum’s management has expanded too fast and this expansion hasn’t done anything to improve overall efficiency. “When I left in 1997, there were only 10 departments, now there are more than 30,” he said.
But Wang Zhini, who graduated from Université d’Angers in France and works in the Marketing Department of the Palace Museum, said that she didn’t see the Palace Museum’s management as excessively arrogant. “They just don’t know how to communicate with the public,”Wang said.
“Museums are not government bu-
reaus, nor warehouses for ancient stuff. They are public cultural institutions and transparency is very important,” said Song Xiangguang, a professor of archaeology at Peking University. “In fact the staff of the Palace Museum seem even lazier than some corrupt civil servants. And I bet many of them have none of the professional knowledge that is necessary for staff working in museums.”
Shang Yu, who used to work as a guide in the Palace Museum, claimed there were too many people working in the museum. “At least half of the workers don’t have serious work to do and even those who work every day are very lazy.”
Shang decided to quit her job at the Palace Museum in 2009 as she feared the pace of work in the Palace Museum would leave her unable to cope with the demands of the modern world. “I am still very young and I didn’t think the slow-paced job had any real prospects,” she said.
Pan Shouyong, a professor at the Minzu University of China, also attributes the frequency of damage to antiques to the fact that there are few professionals among museum workers.
According to a survey conducted by Pan, in 2008 and 2009, nearly 90 percent of museum employees in China did not have college degrees and very few of them had studied museum-related subjects. “The repeated occurrence of accidents in the Palace Museum shows that the workers there lack professionalism,” Pan said.
Statistics from the State Administration of Cultural Heritage show that the country’s museums now have 59,900 employees, of whom only 4.5 percent are well-trained technical personnel.
Even showpieces like the National Museum of China suffer from a lack of skilled professional staff.
In March 2011, the National Museum of China on the eastern side of the Tiananmen Square in central Beijing reopened to the public. While it opened to much fanfare as the largest museum in the world, visitors complained that their visits were less than satisfactory.
“We had to wait in long lines to get into the museum. Even though it was extremely hot, there was no protection from the sunshine,” said Li Chunhua, who came all the way from northeast China’s Heilongjiang Province to see the museum. “After we finally went in, it was also very hard to find chairs to rest in.”
“While the tickets are free we have to make reservations and the reservation numbers are either busy or nobody answers,”said a college student from Beijing Normal University. “There are no volunteers in the museum and it is hard to find any brochures with information about the exhibitions at the entrance of the Museum.”
Tang Jigen, a researcher with the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said that his biggest concern is that due to a lack of professional knowledge, workers at museums don’t know how to properly protect the cultural relics they have collected.
“Currently, most public museum curators are appointed by the government. The result is that many museum curators are transferred from other unrelated political bureaus and manage museums in a similar way,” Tang said.
As public institutions, Tang suggested, public museums should have their curators elected by the public and curators should at least have a college degree in a related subject.
Woes in the Palace Museum
l Around midnight on May 8, nine purses and jewellery boxes on loan from a private Hong Kong museum were stolen by a single thief who dug his way past the Palace Museum’s 240 guards, 3,700 cameras and 1,600 anti-theft alarms. A suspect was arrested by the police on May 11 and is being questioned prior to a public prosecution.
l On May 11, Rui Chenggang, a prominent anchor on national broadcaster CCTV, alleged on his blog that one of the buildings inside the Palace Museum—the 269-year-old Jianfu Hall—had been converted into a private establishment for “the 500 richest people in the world.” The museum denied the existence of a VIP club, but acknowledged that the Jianfu Hall, which is in an area closed to the general public, is mainly used to receive “distinguished guests from home and abroad.”
l On July 30, a blogger, known as Longcan, accused a worker at the Palace Museum of breaking a priceless porcelain plate dating back to the Song Dynasty(960-1279). Longcan alleged that both the worker and the Palace Museum attempted to cover up the accident. On July 31, the Palace Museum admitted that a dish belonging to the museum’s porcelain collection was damaged while it was being subject to testing.
l On August 5, Internet users discovered that five Song Dynasty letters, reportedly purchased by the Palace Museum in 1997, were sold at three times the price at which they were purchased in a 2005 auction. The museum claimed that the initial sale never went through (and therefore that it never owned nor resold the letters), although the 1997 purchase of the documents is “mistakenly” included by staff in a book on the museum’s history.
l On August 9, the Caixin New
Century magazine reported that tour guides and Palace Museum staff were bringing thousands of tourists into the museum through a side door and pocketing their ticket money. Caught on video in 2009, the ringleaders of the scam offered 200,000 yuan ($31,262) to try and keep the scandal out of the media.
l On August 17, a former Bank of China official accused the Palace Museum of not paying taxes on ticket revenues from exhibitions held outside the main gate. The museum responded that the exhibitions were not held under its administration, but an article in the Beijing-based Global Times quotes a lawyer as saying the museum’s principle manager could face up to seven years in jail if the tax-evasion allegations are proven.
l On August 18, someone claiming to be a Palace Museum employee sent a letter to the Beijing Times newspaper, saying that more than 100 rare books have gone missing from the Palace Museum’s collection and that staff have been instructed not to investigate where they are or how they could have been lost. In response, the museum admitted that “by 2009, more than 100 out of 200,000 volumes could not be accounted for. The inventory has not been completed as yet so these books can still not be firmly identified as lost.”
The Palace Museum, founded in 1925, is located in the Forbidden City, which served as the Chinese imperial palace in Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties.
The bad times for the museum began on May 8, when exhibition pieces on loan from a Hong Kong-based museum were stolen from the palace complex. In the following three months a series of scandals, from the damage of rare antiques by staff to an alleged attempt to cover up an embezzlement scam involving its security guards and tour guides, have hit the Palace Museum.
Response
The sheer number of scandals surrounding the Palace Museum have led the general public to lose faith in the management of Beijing’s most popular cultural heritage site.
“Perhaps they’ve covered up many similar mistakes before,” said a netizen known as Thinkid in a post on Sina Weibo, a twitterlike micro-blogging service in China.
Wu Zhengyuan, a Beijing resident, said in a blog post, “The Palace Museum is a world famous landmark containing numerous items that are thousands of years old. It is an important piece of heritage for foreign visitors and Chinese alike. But if no responsible staff can be found to properly take care of even these treasured items then frankly it’s difficult to feel optimistic about China’s standing in the world.”
Many people suggested that those who are responsible for damaging these historical artifacts should be severely punished.
In the interview with Xinhua News Agency on August 20, Zheng admitted a 1,000-year-old porcelain masterpiece was broken by a researcher during tests in July, and he apologized for not informing the public earlier.
He admitted that July’s accident was the third caused by careless staff members over the past two years. Two ritual implements suffered damage in May 2004, and a flower receptacle was damaged in 2009.
He also said the museum had been offering monetary rewards for those who come forward with information that leads to the arrest of employees found cheating the museum out of ticket revenue.
Zheng pledged to upgrade the museum’s security system, and to enhance the level of care given to artifacts. He also promised more transparency and engagement with the public.
Concerns
Despite the recent scandals and grow
ing public discontent, the Palace Museum is in fact in the throes of its largest ever renovation, which began in 2002. The total investment in the refurbishment will be 1.7 billion yuan ($266 million) and the project is expected to be completed by 2020.
According to the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, once refurbished the appearance of the Palace Museum will match the original appearance of the palace’s halls and buildings. Visitors will not only be able to admire the magnificent architecture and gorgeous imperial collection, they will also be able to see how the government of ancient dynasties operated, and what life was like inside and outside the court. Officials said the Palace Museum would no longer be simply a repository of relics, but an organic cultural entity.
A veteran Palace Museum expert who asked to remain anonymous failed to echo the officials’ enthusiasm. “The original structure of the imperial palace should be preserved in its entirety, such an enormous refurbishment project would be bound to cause damage. The construction will inevitably cause overall structural alterations.”
Possible changes to the imperial complex’s structures are not the only concerns related to the refurbishment. A blogger called Wuzini questioned if the 1.7 billion yuan would go to the right place. “Do they have a monitoring system to take care of
this huge amount of money?” he said in a post.
Wuzini has grounds for concern. On August 17, a wall of the imperial Mountain Resort of the Qing Dynasty in Chengde, in Hebei Province, near Beijing, collapsed after heavy rain, raising questions about the use of maintenance funds. The 10-km wall was built in the 18th century and is part of a UNESCO-designated world heritage site. The Central Government allocated about 300 million yuan ($47 million) to repair the wall and the resort in 2010, but the wall simply slid off following heavy showers just a year later.
“Many major museums have become microcosms of inefficiency in China. If change can’t be brought about internally, it will be necessary to bring to bear some outside pressure for reform,” said Zhang Xiaoming, Deputy Director of the Cultural Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.
Loopholes
According to Zhang, the biggest problem is that many museums are regarded by the public as closed and arrogant institutions with a lack of public participation in their affairs.
For example, the management of the Palace Museum has been roundly criticized for its poor attitude and excessive bureaucracy in handling the internal mishaps.
“Almost all the officials in the museum are appointed by the government and I don’t think most of them are qualified to run the museum,” said Gao He, who retired from the Palace Museum in 1997.
Gao believes that the size of the museum’s management has expanded too fast and this expansion hasn’t done anything to improve overall efficiency. “When I left in 1997, there were only 10 departments, now there are more than 30,” he said.
But Wang Zhini, who graduated from Université d’Angers in France and works in the Marketing Department of the Palace Museum, said that she didn’t see the Palace Museum’s management as excessively arrogant. “They just don’t know how to communicate with the public,”Wang said.
“Museums are not government bu-
reaus, nor warehouses for ancient stuff. They are public cultural institutions and transparency is very important,” said Song Xiangguang, a professor of archaeology at Peking University. “In fact the staff of the Palace Museum seem even lazier than some corrupt civil servants. And I bet many of them have none of the professional knowledge that is necessary for staff working in museums.”
Shang Yu, who used to work as a guide in the Palace Museum, claimed there were too many people working in the museum. “At least half of the workers don’t have serious work to do and even those who work every day are very lazy.”
Shang decided to quit her job at the Palace Museum in 2009 as she feared the pace of work in the Palace Museum would leave her unable to cope with the demands of the modern world. “I am still very young and I didn’t think the slow-paced job had any real prospects,” she said.
Pan Shouyong, a professor at the Minzu University of China, also attributes the frequency of damage to antiques to the fact that there are few professionals among museum workers.
According to a survey conducted by Pan, in 2008 and 2009, nearly 90 percent of museum employees in China did not have college degrees and very few of them had studied museum-related subjects. “The repeated occurrence of accidents in the Palace Museum shows that the workers there lack professionalism,” Pan said.
Statistics from the State Administration of Cultural Heritage show that the country’s museums now have 59,900 employees, of whom only 4.5 percent are well-trained technical personnel.
Even showpieces like the National Museum of China suffer from a lack of skilled professional staff.
In March 2011, the National Museum of China on the eastern side of the Tiananmen Square in central Beijing reopened to the public. While it opened to much fanfare as the largest museum in the world, visitors complained that their visits were less than satisfactory.
“We had to wait in long lines to get into the museum. Even though it was extremely hot, there was no protection from the sunshine,” said Li Chunhua, who came all the way from northeast China’s Heilongjiang Province to see the museum. “After we finally went in, it was also very hard to find chairs to rest in.”
“While the tickets are free we have to make reservations and the reservation numbers are either busy or nobody answers,”said a college student from Beijing Normal University. “There are no volunteers in the museum and it is hard to find any brochures with information about the exhibitions at the entrance of the Museum.”
Tang Jigen, a researcher with the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said that his biggest concern is that due to a lack of professional knowledge, workers at museums don’t know how to properly protect the cultural relics they have collected.
“Currently, most public museum curators are appointed by the government. The result is that many museum curators are transferred from other unrelated political bureaus and manage museums in a similar way,” Tang said.
As public institutions, Tang suggested, public museums should have their curators elected by the public and curators should at least have a college degree in a related subject.
Woes in the Palace Museum
l Around midnight on May 8, nine purses and jewellery boxes on loan from a private Hong Kong museum were stolen by a single thief who dug his way past the Palace Museum’s 240 guards, 3,700 cameras and 1,600 anti-theft alarms. A suspect was arrested by the police on May 11 and is being questioned prior to a public prosecution.
l On May 11, Rui Chenggang, a prominent anchor on national broadcaster CCTV, alleged on his blog that one of the buildings inside the Palace Museum—the 269-year-old Jianfu Hall—had been converted into a private establishment for “the 500 richest people in the world.” The museum denied the existence of a VIP club, but acknowledged that the Jianfu Hall, which is in an area closed to the general public, is mainly used to receive “distinguished guests from home and abroad.”
l On July 30, a blogger, known as Longcan, accused a worker at the Palace Museum of breaking a priceless porcelain plate dating back to the Song Dynasty(960-1279). Longcan alleged that both the worker and the Palace Museum attempted to cover up the accident. On July 31, the Palace Museum admitted that a dish belonging to the museum’s porcelain collection was damaged while it was being subject to testing.
l On August 5, Internet users discovered that five Song Dynasty letters, reportedly purchased by the Palace Museum in 1997, were sold at three times the price at which they were purchased in a 2005 auction. The museum claimed that the initial sale never went through (and therefore that it never owned nor resold the letters), although the 1997 purchase of the documents is “mistakenly” included by staff in a book on the museum’s history.
l On August 9, the Caixin New
Century magazine reported that tour guides and Palace Museum staff were bringing thousands of tourists into the museum through a side door and pocketing their ticket money. Caught on video in 2009, the ringleaders of the scam offered 200,000 yuan ($31,262) to try and keep the scandal out of the media.
l On August 17, a former Bank of China official accused the Palace Museum of not paying taxes on ticket revenues from exhibitions held outside the main gate. The museum responded that the exhibitions were not held under its administration, but an article in the Beijing-based Global Times quotes a lawyer as saying the museum’s principle manager could face up to seven years in jail if the tax-evasion allegations are proven.
l On August 18, someone claiming to be a Palace Museum employee sent a letter to the Beijing Times newspaper, saying that more than 100 rare books have gone missing from the Palace Museum’s collection and that staff have been instructed not to investigate where they are or how they could have been lost. In response, the museum admitted that “by 2009, more than 100 out of 200,000 volumes could not be accounted for. The inventory has not been completed as yet so these books can still not be firmly identified as lost.”