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目的揭示2013-2015年长沙地区手足口病疫情发展趋势以及病原学特征。方法 2013-2015年的手足口病常规监测标本提取病毒RNA核酸后用特异性引物进行荧光PCR方法检测。使用SPSS 19.0进行χ~2检验分析。结果共收集到1 872份疑似手足口病病例标本,阳性标本1 309份(69.93%),男女比例为1.45∶1。病例标本中CVA-16型238份(12.71%),EV-A71型256份(13.68%),而其他型别肠道病毒817份(43.64%)(χ~2=744.6,P<0.05)。手足口病全年都有病例发生,主要侵染5岁之前婴幼儿(94.50%),5至6月份出现感染高峰。106份重症患者标本和9份死亡病例标本中,重症病例EV-A71型阳性率为36.79%,其他肠道病毒阳性率为32.08%。死亡病例为EV-A71型。结论该市手足口病感染型别出现转移,发病病例主要集中在0至5岁龄儿童,应在5至6月加强对这部分人群的防控,并预防其他肠道病毒引发的暴发流行。
Objective To reveal the epidemiological trend and etiological characteristics of HFMD in Changsha area from 2013 to 2015. Methods Routine monitoring of hand-foot-mouth disease (MRDV) from 2013 to 2015 was performed to detect the viral RNA by specific primers after PCR amplification. SPSS 19.0 was used for chi-square test. Results A total of 1 872 suspected cases of HFMD were collected, and 1 309 (69.93%) positive samples were collected. The ratio of male to female was 1.45:1. There were 238 cases (12.71%) of CVA-16 type and 256 cases (13.68%) of EV-A71 type in the sample, while 817 cases (43.64%) of other types of enterovirus (χ ~ 2 = 744.6, P <0.05). Hand, foot and mouth disease cases occur throughout the year, the main infants before the age of 5 infants (94.50%), 5 to June peak infection. Among 106 critically ill patients and 9 dead cases, the positive rate of EV-A71 was 36.79% in severe cases and 32.08% in other enteroviruses. The death was EV-A71. Conclusions The type of HFMD infection in this city may have metastasized. The incidence of this disease is mainly concentrated in children aged 0 to 5 years. Prevention and control of this part of the population should be strengthened from May to June and the outbreak of other enteroviruses should be prevented.