:Markus和 Kitayama(1 991 )的自我观念理论以文化差异为基础 ,将人的自我观念分为独立自我和互联自我。研究假设 ,从事个人项目的优秀运动员有更强的独立自我倾向 ,从事集体项目的优秀运动员有更强的互联自我倾向。应用 2 0项陈述测验对 95名优秀运动员进行研究的结果部分地支持了该假设 :个人项目的优秀运动员有更强的个人定向 ,集体项目的优秀运动员有更强的社会定向。但两种项目的运动员在具体化与抽象化表述上未见差异。研究结果还表明 ,在社会身份和评价性描述上存在项目差异 : The theory of self-concept by Markus and Kitayama (1991) is based on cultural differences and divides people’s self-concept into independent self and connected self. The study assumes that elite athletes engaged in individual projects have a stronger sense of independence and self-esteem, and elite athletes engaged in collective projects have a stronger tendency to interconnect themselves. The results of the study of 95 elite athletes using 20 statement tests partially support this hypothesis: elite athletes for personal programs have a stronger personal orientation and elite athletes for collective programs have a stronger social orientation. However, there is no difference between the two types of athletes in the specific and abstract expressions. The results also show that there are project differences in social identities and appraisal descriptions