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民事抗诉是人民检察院的重要职责,但是,民事诉讼法对民事抗诉制度的规定存在一定缺陷,即总则规定与分则规定之间的矛盾导致检法之间存在分歧,抗诉与当事人申请再审的主体身份混同、抗诉与申请再审功能重叠,抗诉缺乏必要的规范程序。当前,对民事抗诉制度的定位需要从两个方面考虑:一是民事抗诉制度的功能,即维护国家法律的统一正确实施与促进司法公正和遏制司法腐败。二是民事抗诉的职能是法律监督而不是权利救济。因此,有必要对现有的民事抗诉制度予以完善,即重建抗诉事由、扩大抗诉的范围、限定抗诉提起的期限和提起次数。
Civil protest is an important responsibility of the people’s procuratorate. However, the civil procedural law has some defects in the civil protest system, that is, the contradiction between the general provisions and the sub-provisions leads to the differences between the prosecutors and the law enforcement. Confusion of identities, protest and application of retrial function overlap, protest lack of necessary normative procedures. At present, the positioning of the civil protest system needs to be considered from two aspects: First, the function of the civil protest system, that is, safeguarding the unity of the national law, correctly implementing and promoting judicial fairness and curbing judicial corruption. Second, the function of civil protest is legal supervision rather than right relief. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the existing system of civil protest, that is, to reconstruct the cause of protest, to expand the scope of protest, to limit the time limit and the number of protest filed.