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过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”， 由“had + -ed分词”构成，had用于各种人称和数。
肯定句：主语+had+动词的过去分词+其他.
否定句：主语+hadn’t（had not）+动词的过去分词+其他。
一般疑问句：Had+主语+动词的过去分词+其他？
肯定回答：Yes， 主语+had.
否定回答：No， 主语+hadn’t.
如：She had arrived at the village before 8 o’clock last night. 昨晚8点之前她已到达这个村庄。
—Had he told you to go there earlier yet？他告诉了你早点儿到那儿吗？
—Yes， he had. / No， he hadn’t.是的，他告诉了。/ 不，他没有。
一、过去完成时的用法
过去完成时的主要用法和现在完成时一样。不同的是，过去完成时把时间推移到了过去某一时间之前，与现在无关。
1. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间状语有by， before等介词短语或when， before等引导的从句。
Helen had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband came home.海伦把钥匙忘到办公室里了，因此她不得不等她丈夫回来。
When we got to the cinema， the film had already begun.当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始了。
He told me that he had visited the Great Wall before.他告诉我他以前参观过长城。
By the end of the match， they had kicked 2 goals， and we had kicked 4.比赛结束时，他们踢进了2个球而我们踢进了4个球。
When Jack arrived he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour.杰克到达后得知玛丽走了近一个小时了。
2. 表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到过去的这一时间，而且还可能继续延续下去。常和for， since构成的短语或引导的从句连用。
The news came as no surprise to me. I had known for some time that the factory was going tobe shut down. 听到这个消息我并不感到吃惊。工厂要倒闭这件事我早就知道了。
By the time I left the school， he had taught the class for 3 years.到我毕业时，他已经教那个班三年了。
He said he had made great progress since he came here.他说自从他来这里他已经取得了很大进步。
3. 表示宾语从句动作先发生。
放在像said，told，asked，thought，wondered等过去时动词的后面，表示在这些动作发生之前已经发生了的事情。
My friend told me that he had passed the exam.我的朋友告诉我，他已通过了考试。
He asked me whether I had seen the film the night before.他问我头一天晚上是否看过那部电影。
She wondered who had left the door open.她想知道谁敞着门的。
4. 用在“It was the first/second/third...time that...”句型中
（1） 在此句型中，主句用了一般过去时，that引导的定语从句要用过去完成时。
This was the first time they had met in thirty-nine years.这是39年里他们第一次见面。
It was the first time we had spoken together.这是我们第一次在一起说话。
（2） intend， mean， hope， want， plan， suppose， expect， think等动词的过去完成时可以表示一个本来打算做而没有做的事
这种结构也可以表示过去未曾实现的设想、意图或希望等，含有某种惋惜。
I had intended to call on you yesterday， but I had an unexpected visitor.我本来昨天打算要去看你，但我来了个不速之客。
We had meant to tell her the news but found that she wasn’t in.我们本想把这个消息告诉她的，但发现她不在家。
5. 当before， after， as soon as 等引导的从句里的动作与主句的动作紧接时，由于这些连词本身已经说明了两个动作发生的先后关系，因此两个动作均可用一般过去时表示。
We had breakfast after we did morning exercises.做完早操之后，我们吃早饭。
The train started to move just before we reached the station.我们到车站时火车刚开动。 二、 过去完成时和其它时态的区别。
1. 过去完成时和现在完成时的区别。
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词 have （has） + 过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。
比较：I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。
I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。
— I’m sorry to keep you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。
— Oh， not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.没什么，我只等了几分钟。（“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在）
2. 过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：
（1） 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。
比较：They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
（2） 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。
She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her， too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.
（3） 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。
He entered the room， turned on the light and read an evening paper.
常见考题：
用动词的适当形式填空
1. We （paint） the house before we （move） in.
2. Paul （go） out with Jane after he （make）？摇a phone call.
3. Tom （say） he （read） the book twice.
4. Our plan （fail ） because we _____________ （make） a bad mistake.
5. When the chairman （finish） speaking， he （leave）the hall.
6. We （learn） about 4000 English words by the end of last term.
7. I waited until he （finish） his homework.
8. We were surprised at what she already （do）
9. He （not tell） you the news yet.
10. I （be） to Shanghai before.
句型转换
1. She had sung a song to us before she danced.（改否定句）
2. By 10：00 a.m， I had been very hungry. （改一般疑问）
3. By the time he got to the airport， the plane had taken off. （改一般疑问）
4.We had had the toys for ten years before we gave them to the child.（对划线部分提问）
5. She had written the book by the end of 1960. （对划线部分提问）
6. We cooked the dumplings. We ate them up. （用过去完成时连接两句）
7. Jim’s father mended the car. It was broken. （用过去完成时连接两句）
8. We had our tests. Then we had a long holiday.（用过去完成时连接两句）
After we ， we
肯定句：主语+had+动词的过去分词+其他.
否定句：主语+hadn’t（had not）+动词的过去分词+其他。
一般疑问句：Had+主语+动词的过去分词+其他？
肯定回答：Yes， 主语+had.
否定回答：No， 主语+hadn’t.
如：She had arrived at the village before 8 o’clock last night. 昨晚8点之前她已到达这个村庄。
—Had he told you to go there earlier yet？他告诉了你早点儿到那儿吗？
—Yes， he had. / No， he hadn’t.是的，他告诉了。/ 不，他没有。
一、过去完成时的用法
过去完成时的主要用法和现在完成时一样。不同的是，过去完成时把时间推移到了过去某一时间之前，与现在无关。
1. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间状语有by， before等介词短语或when， before等引导的从句。
Helen had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband came home.海伦把钥匙忘到办公室里了，因此她不得不等她丈夫回来。
When we got to the cinema， the film had already begun.当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始了。
He told me that he had visited the Great Wall before.他告诉我他以前参观过长城。
By the end of the match， they had kicked 2 goals， and we had kicked 4.比赛结束时，他们踢进了2个球而我们踢进了4个球。
When Jack arrived he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour.杰克到达后得知玛丽走了近一个小时了。
2. 表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到过去的这一时间，而且还可能继续延续下去。常和for， since构成的短语或引导的从句连用。
The news came as no surprise to me. I had known for some time that the factory was going tobe shut down. 听到这个消息我并不感到吃惊。工厂要倒闭这件事我早就知道了。
By the time I left the school， he had taught the class for 3 years.到我毕业时，他已经教那个班三年了。
He said he had made great progress since he came here.他说自从他来这里他已经取得了很大进步。
3. 表示宾语从句动作先发生。
放在像said，told，asked，thought，wondered等过去时动词的后面，表示在这些动作发生之前已经发生了的事情。
My friend told me that he had passed the exam.我的朋友告诉我，他已通过了考试。
He asked me whether I had seen the film the night before.他问我头一天晚上是否看过那部电影。
She wondered who had left the door open.她想知道谁敞着门的。
4. 用在“It was the first/second/third...time that...”句型中
（1） 在此句型中，主句用了一般过去时，that引导的定语从句要用过去完成时。
This was the first time they had met in thirty-nine years.这是39年里他们第一次见面。
It was the first time we had spoken together.这是我们第一次在一起说话。
（2） intend， mean， hope， want， plan， suppose， expect， think等动词的过去完成时可以表示一个本来打算做而没有做的事
这种结构也可以表示过去未曾实现的设想、意图或希望等，含有某种惋惜。
I had intended to call on you yesterday， but I had an unexpected visitor.我本来昨天打算要去看你，但我来了个不速之客。
We had meant to tell her the news but found that she wasn’t in.我们本想把这个消息告诉她的，但发现她不在家。
5. 当before， after， as soon as 等引导的从句里的动作与主句的动作紧接时，由于这些连词本身已经说明了两个动作发生的先后关系，因此两个动作均可用一般过去时表示。
We had breakfast after we did morning exercises.做完早操之后，我们吃早饭。
The train started to move just before we reached the station.我们到车站时火车刚开动。 二、 过去完成时和其它时态的区别。
1. 过去完成时和现在完成时的区别。
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词 have （has） + 过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。
比较：I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。
I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。
— I’m sorry to keep you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。
— Oh， not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.没什么，我只等了几分钟。（“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在）
2. 过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：
（1） 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。
比较：They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
（2） 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。
She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her， too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.
（3） 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。
He entered the room， turned on the light and read an evening paper.
常见考题：
用动词的适当形式填空
1. We （paint） the house before we （move） in.
2. Paul （go） out with Jane after he （make）？摇a phone call.
3. Tom （say） he （read） the book twice.
4. Our plan （fail ） because we _____________ （make） a bad mistake.
5. When the chairman （finish） speaking， he （leave）the hall.
6. We （learn） about 4000 English words by the end of last term.
7. I waited until he （finish） his homework.
8. We were surprised at what she already （do）
9. He （not tell） you the news yet.
10. I （be） to Shanghai before.
句型转换
1. She had sung a song to us before she danced.（改否定句）
2. By 10：00 a.m， I had been very hungry. （改一般疑问）
3. By the time he got to the airport， the plane had taken off. （改一般疑问）
4.We had had the toys for ten years before we gave them to the child.（对划线部分提问）
5. She had written the book by the end of 1960. （对划线部分提问）
6. We cooked the dumplings. We ate them up. （用过去完成时连接两句）
7. Jim’s father mended the car. It was broken. （用过去完成时连接两句）
8. We had our tests. Then we had a long holiday.（用过去完成时连接两句）
After we ， we