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目的:了解西安市城区托幼机构儿童中孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)的患病情况。方法:采用分层整群抽样方法，在西安市6个城区抽取12所幼儿园，先采用儿童家长对数据填写孤独症行为评定量表(ABC)及保教人员报告的方法确定ASD初筛阳性儿童，然后专科医师现场行为观察确定可疑ASD儿童，最后至医院行孤独症诊断观察量表第2版(ADOS-2)评估确诊。应用SPSS 18.0对数据进行统计分析。结果:5 178名儿童中确诊ASD儿童38例，现患率为7.3‰，95%n CI：4.98‰～9.62‰。不同年龄组ASD现患率、性别差异均有统计学意义(n χ2＝9.914、18.812，均n P<0.05)。保教人员报告ASD筛查方法比ABC量表筛查法准确性更好。n 结论:1．西安市城区托幼机构儿童中ASD现患率在国内类似报道中处于较高水平，若考虑到特教机构及居家ASD儿童，总体现患率更高，说明我国ASD儿童现患率可能被低估。2.随年龄的增长，托幼机构中的ASD儿童随班就读率有降低趋势。“,”Objective:To investigate the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD)among children in kindergartens in Xi′an urban districts.Methods:A stratified cluster sampling method was adopted, and selected all children from 12 kindergartens in 6 urban districts of Xi′an.Primary screening positive children with ASD were identified by filling out the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) by their parents and the guardians reports, and then the beha-vioral observations were made to identify suspicious ASD children.Finally these children were diagnosed in the hospital through the autism diagnostic observation schedule, 2n nd edition (ADOS-2). The data were calculated with SPSS 18.0.n Results:Totally, 38 cases with ASD were diagnosed among 5 178 children, the prevalence of children ASD in kindergartens in Xi′an urban districts was 7.3‰, and the 95% confidence interval was 4.98‰-9.62‰.The prevalence of ASD in children was statistically significant in different age groups (n χ2=9.914, n P<0.05) and gender groups (n χ2=18.812, n P<0.05). The accuracy of ASD screening by guardians reports is better than that by ABC.n Conclusions:(1)The prevalence of ASD children in kindergartens in Xi′an urban districts is at high level in similar reports in China.If ASD children at the special education institutions and home are considered, the overall prevalence rate is higher, indicating that the prevalence of ASD children in China may be underestimated.(2)With the increase of age, the attendance rate of ASD children in kindergartens has a decreasing trend.