一般是指超重原油、油砂油和页岩。这类石油难于生产,而且不易用传统的工艺技术进行加工和运输。其主要化学特性是:(1)比重大;(2)杂质多;(3)轻质烃类成分少;(4)粘度大。随着常规石油资源的减少和产油成本激增,越来越多的非常规石油必将被开采利用。如对于委内瑞拉的奥里诺科重油带(Orinoco Heavyoil Belt),加拿大阿尔伯达省的油砂带,美国科罗拉多的油页岩,近年都曾打算加以利用,有的还制定 Generally refers to overweight crude oil, oil sand and shale. This type of oil is hard to produce and not easy to process and transport using traditional process technology. Its main chemical properties are: (1) large proportion; (2) more impurities; (3) less light hydrocarbon components; (4) viscosity. As conventional oil resources decrease and oil production costs soar, more and more unconventional oil is bound to be exploited. For example, the Orinoco Heavyoil Belt in Venezuela, the oil sands belt in Alberta, Canada and the oil shale in Colorado, USA, are all intended to be used in recent years and some have also been formulated