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利用水量平衡原理对云南省高原3种典型森林植被的林冠截留、枯落物持水和土壤蓄水能力进行比较研究。结果表明:土壤蓄水是森林发挥涵养水源功能的最主要途径;从林冠截留量和截留率两个指标来看,林冠截水能力排序为高山松林(209.87t/hm2、28.87%)>白桦林(194.17t/hm2、19.82%)>川滇高山栎灌丛(111.78t/hm2、16.32%);对于枯落物持水能力:最大持水量排序为高山松林(35.79t/hm2)>白桦林(24.52t/hm2)>川滇高山栎灌丛(18.49t/hm2);最大持水率排序为川滇高山栎灌丛(177.42%)>白桦林(152.08%)>高山松林(138.48%);土壤蓄水能力排序为川滇高山栎灌丛(673.19t/(hm2·a))>高山松林(610t/(hm2·a))>白桦林(549.84t/(hm2·a));在同一森林单位面积上,涵养水源能力排序为高山松林(855.66t/hm2)>川滇高山栎灌丛(803.46t/hm2)>白桦林(768.53t/hm2)。研究可为森林生态效益核算和管理奠定基础,且对制定适应气候变化的策略有着科学指导意义。
Based on the principle of water balance, the canopy interception, litter holding capacity and soil water storage capacity of three typical forest vegetation types in Yunnan Province were compared. The results showed that soil water storage was the most important way for forest to conserve water. According to canopy interception and interception rate, the water cut-off ability of canopy was ranked as follows: alpine pine forest (209.87t / hm2, 28.87%)> (194.17t / hm2, 19.82%)> Quercus serpeni shrub (111.78t / hm2, 16.32%); water capacity of litter: the maximum water holding capacity was highland pine forest (35.79t / hm2) (24.52t / hm2)> Quercus serpinus shrub (18.49t / hm2); the maximum water retention rate was Quercus serurous shrub (177.42%)> Betula platyphylla forest (152.08%)> Pinus densata forest (138.48% ; The soil water storage capacity ranked as follows: Quercus serotonus shrub (673.19t / hm2a)> alpine pine forest (610t / hm2a)> birch forest (549.84t / hm2a) In the same forest unit area, the water conservation capacity is ranked as follows: Alpine pine forest (855.66t / hm2)> Quercus serpeni shrub (803.46t / hm2)> Betula platyphylla forest (768.53t / hm2). The research can lay the foundation for accounting and management of forest ecological benefits and has the scientific guiding significance for formulating strategies for adapting to climate change.