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碳排放权交易因其灵活的市场机制而成为碳减排的重要手段。2013年开始,我国陆续启动7个碳排放权交易试点工作。近期,国家发改委明确指出,中国将于2017年正式启动全国碳排放权交易体系建设工作。文章通过开展各碳交易试点在覆盖范围、配额分配、温室气体排放监测、报告和核实机制、交易制度和惩罚机制等方面制度设计的梳理比较,总结碳交易试点工作实践经验,为全国统一碳市场建设提供实证依据和政策支撑。
Carbon emission trading has become an important tool for reducing carbon emissions due to its flexible market mechanism. Since 2013, China has started seven pilot carbon emissions trading activities. Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission made it clear that China will officially launch the nationwide carbon emissions trading system construction in 2017. Through the comparison of institutional design of various carbon trading pilot projects in terms of coverage, quota allocation, monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions, reporting and verification mechanism, trading system and punishment mechanism, the paper summarizes the practical experience of pilot carbon trading work and provides a platform for the national unified carbon market Construction to provide empirical evidence and policy support.