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一、西北和北部地区(含新疆) 1.强大民族分布与演变:匈奴、东胡(春秋战国)→匈奴、西域(秦汉)→“五胡”(魏晋)→突厥(隋朝)→东西突厥、回纥(唐朝)→契丹、党项、女真(五代北宋)→完颜女真、蒙古(南宋)→瓦刺、鞑靼(明朝)→蒙古(漠南、漠北、漠西)、维吾尔族(清朝)。 2.与中央政府的关系 (1)秦朝:派蒙恬抗击匈奴,在河套置城设县,迁徙人民,修筑长城。 (2)西汉:对匈奴采用战争与“和亲”并用政策;张骞通西域,汉朝与西域各国建立友好关系;设置西域都护,标志着西域开始正式归属中央政权。 (3)东汉:追歼北匈奴;汉明帝任命班超为西域都
I. Northwest and Northern Regions (including Xinjiang) 1. The distribution and evolution of powerful ethnic groups: Xiongnu, Donghu (Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods), Xiongnu, and Xiyu (Qinhan) → Wuhu (Wei Jin) → Turk (Sui Dynasty) → Turkic things happening, returning to Tang (Tang Dynasty)→Khitan, Party items, Jurchen (Five-generation Northern Song Dynasty)→Wen Yan Nuzhen, Mongolia (Southern Song)→ Watthana, Yi (Ming Dynasty)→Mongolia (Monan, Mobei, Moxi), Uygurs (Qing Dynasty). 2. Relations with the Central Government (1) Qin Chao: Sending monks to fight the Xiongnu, setting up counties in the river, resettling the people, and building the Great Wall. (2) The Western Han Dynasty: The war against the Xiongnu was used in conjunction with the “” and the “kin”; Zhang Yutong established friendly relations in the Western Regions, the Han Dynasty and the Western Regions, and the establishment of protection in the Western Regions indicated that the Western Regions had formally belonged to the Central Government. (3) Eastern Han Dynasty: Pursue the North Xiongnu; Han Mingdi appointed Ban Chao as the Western Region