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为促进后备耕地改良技术的优化和水资源的高效利用,在新疆奇台县对不同灌溉量下盐碱地土壤水盐在时间序列上的变化规律进行对比研究。试验设8个处理,对应的灌溉定额分别为:6 800 m3/hm2、5 200 m3/hm2、4 400 m3/hm2、3 600 m3/hm2、2 800 m3/hm2、2 000 m3/hm2、1 200 m3/hm2和0 m3/hm2。结果表明:灌后1~8 d,剖面土壤处于洗盐期,土壤洗盐率与灌溉量成正比;灌溉8 d后,剖面进入积盐期,浅层土壤积盐率与灌溉量呈指数关系,而深层土壤积盐率与灌溉量呈线性关系。灌后1~18 d,各处理土壤碱化现象明显,碱化程度与灌溉量呈正比。灌溉18 d后,土壤碱化现象均减弱。综合考虑高效用水、高效洗盐和低碱化的目标,研究区在灌溉高峰期(7~8月)每次灌溉的合理灌溉量应为3 600~4 400 m3/hm2。
In order to promote the optimization of arable land improvement techniques and the efficient use of water resources, the temporal and spatial variation of soil water and salinity under different irrigation amounts in saline soil was studied in Qitai County of Xinjiang Autonomous Region. The experiment set up 8 treatments with corresponding irrigation quotas of 6 800 m3 / hm2, 5 200 m3 / hm2, 4400 m3 / hm2, 3600 m3 / hm2, 2800 m3 / hm2, 2000 m3 / hm2,1 200 m3 / hm2 and 0 m3 / hm2. The results showed that in the period of 1 ~ 8 d after irrigation, the section soil was in the period of salt washing, and the rate of soil salt washing was proportional to the amount of irrigation. After 8 d of irrigation, the section entered the period of salt accumulation, and the rate of salt accumulation in shallow soil was exponential with irrigation , While the rate of soil salinization in deep soil was linear with the amount of irrigation. After 1 ~ 18 d irrigation, the soil alkalization was obvious in all treatments, and the degree of basification was proportional to the amount of irrigation. After 18 days of irrigation, soil alkalization decreased. Considering the goal of efficient water use, efficient salt washing and low alkalization, the reasonable irrigation volume per irrigation during the peak irrigation season (July-August) should be 3 600-4 400 m 3 / hm 2.