西方研究马克思主义的学者甚至马克思主义者中有许多人认为,马克思的理论中不包含道德理论,或者没有前后一致的理论,或者是一种道德怀疑论或相对主义。马克思主义学者阿罗诺维奇对这种观点予以批驳,他对马克思的道德观作了有力的辩护,认为马克思的著作中存在前后一致的道德理论;马克思道德观的基础是人的本质的实现,即自我决定;从自我决定到基于合作的自我实现是马克思道德观的实质。 Many scholars and even Marxists who study Marxism in the West think that Marx’s theory does not contain moral theory, or no consistent theory, or a kind of moral skepticism or relativism. Aronovich, a Marxist scholar, refuted this view. He defended Marx’s moral outlook. He held that Marx’s consistent and consistent moral theory exists. Marx’s moral outlook is based on the realization of human essence , That is self-determination; from self-determination to self-actualization based on cooperation is the essence of Marx’s morality.