为了进一步了解肾小球α平滑肌肌动蛋白（αｓｍｏｔｈｍｕｓｃｌｅａｃｔｉｎ，αＳＭＡ）的表达与肾炎发病时肾小球基质增生的关系，我们观察了大鼠肾毒血清肾炎（ｎｅｐｈｒｏｔｏｘｉｃｎｅｐｈｒｉｔｉｓ，ＮＴＮ）发病１～１４ｄ肾脏组织形态、肾功能、肾小球αＳＭＡ和血小板衍生的生长因子（ｐｌａｔｅｌｅｔｄｅｒｉｖｅｄｇｒｏｗｔｈｆａｃｔｏｒ，ＰＤＧＦ）以及基质成分纤维连接蛋白（Ｆｉｂｒｏｎｅｃｔｉｎ，ＦＮ）、胶原Ⅲ和Ⅳ型的表达，并对αＳＭＡ、ＰＤＧＦ及基质成分间进行相关性分析。研究显示，ＮＴＮ第３天大鼠肾小球表达αＳＭＡ和ＰＤＧＦ，先于ＦＮ的表达和胶原Ⅳ型的增多。在ＮＴＮ第７和１４天，αＳＭＡ和ＰＤＧＦ表达增加，并且两者间及与ＦＮ和胶原Ⅳ型之间呈显著正相关。在ＮＴＮ各时间点均未能在肾小球中检测出胶原Ⅲ型的存在。研究表明，注射抗血清引起的肾小球免疫损伤刺激肾小球系膜细胞表达αＳＭＡ是系膜细胞被激活后大量分泌基质的标志。系膜区ＰＤＧＦ的分泌进一步加强了系膜细胞αＳＭＡ的表达及基质增生。 In order to further understand the relationship between glomerular αsmothmuscleactin (α SMA) expression and glomerular matrix hyperplasia at the onset of glomerulonephritis, we observed the pathogenesis of nephrotoxicnephritis (NTN) 1 ~ 14d renal tissue morphology, renal function, glomerular α  SMA and plateletderived growth factor (PDGF), and fibronectin (FN), collagen Ⅲ and type Ⅳ expression Correlation analysis of αSMA, PDGF and matrix components. The study showed that the expression of αSMA and PDGF in the glomerulus on day 3 of NTN preceded the expression of FN and the increase of collagen type Ⅳ. On days 7 and 14 of NTN, αSMA and PDGF expression increased, and there was a significant positive correlation between them and with FN and collagen type Ⅳ. At each time point of NTN, the presence of collagen type III was not detected in glomeruli. Studies have shown that injection of antiserum-induced glomerular immune injury stimulates mesangial cells express α  SMA is a large number of mesangial cells after activation of the secretion of matrix markers. The secretion of mesangial PDGF further enhance the mesangial cells alpha SMA expression and matrix hyperplasia.