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目的 :研究早期形觉剥夺对眼球发育及屈光状态的影响 ,探讨近视眼发病机理及近视发生的危险因素。方法 :对先天性白内障 83例 10 9眼和对照组老年性白内障 97例 10 9眼的各屈光因子进行生物学测量 ,确定其屈光状态 ,并用多元线性和Logistic回归的方法进行单因素和多因素分析。结果 :先天组与老年组相比 ,先天组有较明显的近视倾向 ,平均屈光度相差 - 3.30D。两组比较角膜屈光度差异无显著性意义 ;前房深度、晶状体厚度、眼轴长度、眼的屈光状态差异均出现显著性意义。先天性白内障组中角膜屈光度与眼轴长度两种因子的综合作用与眼的屈光度关系最密切 ,它们的值越大 ,近视度就越高。眼轴长度为近视发生的主要危险因素 ,OR =138.6 99。结论 :早期形觉剥夺可发生近视 ,其主要危害因子是眼轴长度 ,主要危害部位在眼后段。尽早去除先天性白内障所造成的形觉剥夺 ,保持或恢复视觉发育敏感期的正常视觉环境 ,有利于预防近视的发生。
Objective: To study the effect of early form deprivation on eye development and refractive status, to explore the pathogenesis of myopia and risk factors for myopia. Methods: Eighty-three eyes of congenital cataracts and 97 eyes of 97 eyes of senile cataract were enrolled in this study. The refractive index of each eye was measured and the refractive status was determined. The multivariate linear and logistic regression methods were used to investigate the single factor and multi-factor analysis. Results: Congenital group compared with the elderly group, the congenital group had a more obvious tendency of myopia, the average refractive difference of 3.30D. There was no significant difference between the two groups in corneal refractive power. There were significant differences in anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, axial length and refractive status of eyes. Congenital cataract group corneal refractive power and axial length of the combined effect of two factors and the refractive power of the eye most closely, the greater their value, the higher myopia. The axial length was the major risk factor for myopia, OR = 138.699. Conclusion: Myopia may occur in early deprivation of shape. The major risk factor is the axial length of the eye. The main damage is in the posterior segment of the eye. As soon as possible to remove congenital cataract caused by the deprivation of shape, maintain or restore the normal visual development sensitive visual environment, is conducive to the prevention of myopia.