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在中国历史上,东汉才女蔡文姬是一个颇具传奇色彩的人物。有关她的传奇故事广为流传,这得益于魏晋间佚名的《蔡琰别传》和南朝范晔的《后汉书·董祀妻传》, 这些文字记载是蔡文姬传奇故事的起点,同时也是后世画家们的创作起点。自唐以来,根据蔡文姬陷胡归汉故事为创作蓝图的文艺作品日渐增多,如刘商之诗歌、董庭兰之《胡笳曲》等。而绘画的例子就更为常见,见于文字记载的就有阎立本、李公麟、李唐、陈居中、赵孟 頫、龚开、赵雍、仇英、苏六朋等人。有趣的是,这些画家在创作中却不愿作为故事的旁听者,他们时时主动参与故事的再创造,不仅在内容上,而且在故事的情绪基调, 甚至主题意图等方面也是如此。这种现象在美术史上并不罕见,但以蔡文姬陷胡归汉经历为母题的绘画创作却尤显突出,一是同一主题的画卷至今仍存世许多;二是“文姬归汉”的创作意图众说纷纭,莫衷一是。
In Chinese history, Cai Wenji, a talented woman from the Eastern Han Dynasty, is a legendary figure. The story about her is widely circulated, thanks to the anonymous “Interlude of Cai Yan” in the Wei and Jin Dynasties and the “post-Han sacrifice of Dongsheng wife” by Fan Ye in the Southern Dynasties. These written records are the starting point for the story of Cai Wenji, Later painters’ starting point of creation. Since Tang dynasty, literary and artistic works based on the story of Cai Wenji’s retreating from the Hu to the Han dynasty have been increasing in number, such as the poems by Liu Shangzhi and the song “Hu Qu” by Dong Tinglan. The examples of painting are even more common. Seeing from the written records, there are Yan Liten, Li Gonglin, Li Tang, Chen Juzhong, Zhao Mengfu, Gong Kai, Zhao Yong, Qiu Ying, Su Sixpeng and others. Interestingly, these painters are reluctant to act as observers to the story in their creations, and they are constantly involved in the re-creation of the story, not only in content, but also in the emotional tone of the story, and even the thematic intent. This phenomenon is not uncommon in the history of fine arts. However, the painting creation based on the experience of Cai Wenji in the fall of the Hu Huh-han became more prominent. The first is that the same theme has still many surviving pictures. The other is the creation of “Wen Ji to the Han” There are different opinions and different opinions.