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资本主义制度在历次经济危机后所进行的制度性调整,使资本主义表现出不同的发展阶段和模式。在当前发展阶段,资本主义的经济特征主要表现在垄断与竞争的关系、国家与市场的关系、所有制关系、阶级关系等几个层面。但资本主义的基本矛盾并未解决,并导致自由市场经济不可持续、金融部门与实体经济严重脱离、收入两极分化、阶级矛盾激化及世界经济严重失衡。从长期来看,资本主义经济中存在的垄断程度提升、生产社会化及社会资本的发展、职工持股、危机后的国有化行为等社会主义因素将逐渐成长,为人类社会进入新的、更高级的形态做好铺垫。
The institutional adjustment of the capitalist system after various economic crises has shown that capitalism shows different stages of development and modes of development. In the current stage of development, the economic characteristics of capitalism are mainly manifested in the following aspects: the relationship between monopoly and competition, the relationship between the state and the market, the relationship between ownership and class relations. However, the fundamental contradictions of capitalism have not been solved, leading to the unsustainability of a free market economy, the serious separation of the financial sector from the real economy, the polarization of income, the intensification of class contradictions and the serious imbalance in the world economy. In the long run, the existing monopoly in the capitalist economy will increase. Socialist factors such as the socialization of production and development of social capital, the ownership of workers and the nationalization after a crisis will gradually grow, and new conditions will be entered for human society. Advanced form pave the way.