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柔性零件广泛用于航空、汽车等产品中,在柔性件的装配过程中,装配尺寸质量受零件制造、夹具和连接过程中多种偏差源的耦合影响,分析和控制难度大。提出了一种基于夹具主动定位补偿的装配偏差优化方法。首先,基于柔性件装配的受力变形分析,建立了考虑夹具法向定位误差的装配偏差模型。然后,根据上述模型,以夹具法向定位补偿量为优化变量,提出了夹具法向补偿量的优化模型和求解算法。以金属薄板装配和飞机壁板件装配为例,分别利用实验及有限元仿真分析了有无夹具主动定位补偿下的装配偏差。结果表明,夹具法向定位补偿对于减小柔性件的装配偏差具有显著效果,从而验证该优化算法的有效性和准确性。
Flexible parts are widely used in aviation, automotive and other products. In the assembly process of flexible parts, the assembly size quality is affected by the coupling of various deviation sources in parts manufacturing, fixtures and connecting processes, and the analysis and control are difficult. An assembly deviation optimization method based on the active positioning of the fixture is proposed. First, based on the analysis of the force and deformation of the flexible assembly, an assembly deviation model considering the positioning error of the fixture is established. Then, according to the above model, taking the fixture normal positioning compensation as the optimization variable, an optimization model of the fixture normal compensation and its solving algorithm are proposed. Taking the assembly of metal sheet and the assembly of aircraft wall panels as an example, the assembly deviations under the active positioning compensation with or without fixtures were analyzed respectively by the experiment and finite element simulation. The results show that the jig positioning compensation has a significant effect on reducing the assembly deviation of the flexible parts, thus verifying the validity and accuracy of the optimization algorithm.