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无论是在协调型博弈还是在协作型博弈的情势下，都有可能以正式国际组织的方式来降低国家间交易成本。作为一种国家间治理结构，正式国际组织具有相对稳定的组织结构和行政设施，在此基础上可开展广泛的集中活动，如搜集信息、共同分担、联合生产、争端解决和规则制定与实施等。通过这些功能性的集中活动，正式国际组织能够比自我实施的国际协议更有效地对付国家潜在的机会主义行为，从而更大幅度地降低国际合作中的交易成本。
It is possible to reduce the cost of transactions between countries in the form of a formal international organization, both in a coordinated game and in a collaborative game. As a kind of governance structure between countries, a formal international organization has relatively stable organizational structure and administrative facilities, on the basis of which it can carry out a wide range of concentrated activities such as gathering information, sharing, co-production, dispute settlement and rule making and implementation . Through these functional and concentrated activities, formal international organizations can deal with potential opportunistic acts in the country more effectively than self-implementing international agreements, thereby reducing the transaction costs in international cooperation more drastically.