从40年前第一次提出成年脑内有神经元再生,直到今天人们才真正意识到和接受这个事实。这要归功于近15年的神经工作者辛勤研究和科学技术的进步。这一事实更新了我们对神经再生的认识。本文概要介绍了如下方面的研究进展:(1)神经发育的分子调控;(2)成年脑海马齿状核的神经元再生及其功能;(3)神经发育与成年脑神经元再生的比较;(4)鉴定新生神经元的方法问题。 For the first time since 40 years ago, neuronal regeneration in the adult brain was proposed, and until today people really realize and accept this fact. This is due to the hard work of neurologists in recent 15 years and the advancement of science and technology. This fact updates our understanding of neural regeneration. This review summarizes the advances in the following areas: (1) molecular regulation of neurodevelopment; (2) neuronal regeneration and its function in adult mesencephalon; (3) comparison of neurodevelopment and adult brain neuron regeneration; (4) Methods to identify newborn neurons.