上课之前备课、写教案,理清教学思路,这是教师在上每一堂课之前都要做的工作。但是事实上课堂是多变的,充盈着许多不确定因素。面对课堂上的学生,可以说每个老师都有这样的经历,那就是学生的参与往往不全都是按照我们设计好的教学思路来发展的,而是需要我们做及时、灵活的调整。如果引导好了,学生的思维就被调动起来,教师教得轻松,学生也会学得愉快;如果处理不当,那可能整堂课学生都处于一种被动的状态,即使学生记了很多、写 Before class prepare lessons, write lesson plans, to clarify teaching ideas, this is the teacher in every class before the work to be done. But in fact the classroom is changing, filled with many uncertainties. Faced with students in the classroom, it can be said that every teacher has such an experience, that is, student participation is often not all in accordance with our well-designed teaching ideas to develop, but requires us to make timely and flexible adjustments. If guided, the students’ minds are mobilized, teachers are easy to learn and students will learn happily; if not handled properly, it may be that the whole class of students are in a passive state. Even though students write a lot, write