水凝胶与生物体中的许多组织(如肌肉、软骨、角膜和皮肤等)具有相似的结构,同时具有良好的生物相容性,比其他任何人工材料都更接近于活体组织,是人造替代器官的理想材料。然而,相比于生物软组织,通过传统方法合成的高分子水凝胶在分子及宏观水平上都表现出各向同性结构,缺少有序结构,从而限制了水凝胶在各领域的应用。各向异性凝胶的合成在一定程度上可解决这一问题。本文主要综述了各向异性水凝胶的制备方法,并对其各向异性的性能作了分类,对影响各向异性的因素进行了总结,最后,针对当前存在的问题,对将来可能的发展方向进行了展望。 Hydrogels have a similar structure to many tissues in organisms, such as muscle, cartilage, cornea, and skin, and at the same time have good biocompatibility, are closer to living tissue than any other artificial material and are man-made alternatives The ideal material for organs. However, compared with biological soft tissues, the polymer hydrogels synthesized by the traditional method exhibit isotropic structure at molecular and macroscopic levels, lacking ordered structure, which limits the application of hydrogels in various fields. To some extent, the synthesis of anisotropic gel solves this problem. In this paper, the preparation methods of anisotropic hydrogels are summarized, their anisotropic properties are classified, and the factors that affect the anisotropy are summarized. Finally, according to the current problems and the possible future development The direction of the outlook.