Units9—12词语辨析

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  1.hold out, hold up与hold on
  hold out”伸出,坚持,支持”。
  hold up”阻挡,使停顿”。
  hold on”等一等,停住(打电话)不挂断”。
  He held out his arms to embrace the little girl.
  他伸出双臂拥抱那个小女孩。
  We must hold out till victory. 我们必须坚持到胜利。
  The traffic was held up by an accident. 交通被事故所阻。
  Tell him to hold on a moment. 告诉他稍等一会儿,别挂断。
  2.possession与property
  这两个词都可以作“财产”讲,但possession常作可数名词,有复数形式,而property是不可数名词。
  That picture is a valuable possession to him.
  这张照片对他来说是一笔宝贵的财富。
  The police found some stolen property hidden in the thief’s house.
  警察在小偷的家里发现了一些被盗的财物。
  3.worth, worthy与worthwhile
  worth意为“值得的”,后跟动名词的主动形式,也可跟表价值、数量的名词,可作表语和后置定语,不能作前置定语。
  worthy后常加of,构成worthy of,一般有worthy of sth. being done与worthy to be done两种用法,worthy还可作定语,表“可钦的”、“可敬的”,有时带有讽刺意味。
  worthwhile意为“值得的”,可分开使用,说成worth sb.’s while。
  The dictionary he gave me is worth 5 yuan.
  他给我的那本词典价值5元钱。
  也可以说:He gave me a dictionary worth 5 yuan.
  The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
  The contract isn’t worth the paper written on.
  那合同不值得用这样的纸写。
  The city is worthy of a visit/being visited./The city is worthy to be visited. 这城市值得去参观。
  He is worthy of his name. 他名副其实。
  He found a worthy enemy. 他遇到了劲敌。
  She devoted all her life to the worthy cause.
  她把终生献给了这个崇高的事业。
  The research work is worth our while.
  我们在这项研究上花精力是值得的。
  4.act, action与deed
  他们都指“行为,行动”。
  act是可数名词,主要指具体的、短暂的、个体的行为,往往是一种完成了的“行为”。
  action主要指抽象的、时间较短的、包括较多活动的行为,一般指进行中的动作。在口语中,act, action均可表示“所做的事”。
  注意:take free/similar action意为“采取自由(类似)行为”,无冠词。
  deed可指任何大小行动,有时与act相近,但更多的被用来指大的、显示才能的行为,即“业绩,事迹”。
  另外,deed, action常与words相对应,act常与thought相对应。
  He was caught in the act of stealing. 他在盗窃时被抓获。
  Your action was unselfish. 你的行为不自私。
  We have had enough talk. It is now time for action.
  我们已讲的够多了,是行动的时候了。
  Do you approve his act/action? 你支持他的行动吗?
  She did a good deed. 她做了件好事。
  Their deeds didn’t agree with their words. 他们言行不一。
  5.require, request与demand
  require指“要求,需要”,一般指根据客观需要、规章、惯例而提出的要求,常构成如下句式:require sth.(of sb.)/sb. to do sth./that+主语+(should) do…。
  request是正式用语,表示客气的“要求,请求,恳求”,其句式有:request sth.(of/from sb.)/to do sth./sb. to do sth./that+主语+(should) do…。
  demand的意思是“要求,需要”,当它的主语是人时,具有强制要求的意味,表示主语认为自己有权利这样做,语气较强烈,当主语是物时,则表示一般的需要,其结构为:demand of sb. to do sth./sth. (of/from sb.)/to do sth./that+主语+(should)+do…。
  This task requires of us still greater efforts.
  这项任务需要我们付出更大的努力。
  Civil servants are required to sign the official secrets act.
  公务员需要签署公务员保密条例。
  The company requested a loan from the bank.
  这家公司恳求银行贷款。
  I request that he (should) help me.=I request him to help me.
  我请求他帮助我。
  The matter demands to be looked into. 这问题需要研究。
  She demands that she (should) be told everything.
  她要求把一切都告诉她。
  6.stick with与stick to
  stick with意思是“忠于,继续支持,保持联系”;stick to意思是“坚持(意见、原则、决定等)”,含有执意不改变之意。另外还有“粘住”之意。两者后均接名词或代词。如:
  I advise you stick with your best friend at any time.
  我建议你在任何时候都和你最好的朋友保持联系。
  I think he is a man who sticks with his ideal.
  我认为他是一个忠于理想的人。
  Don’t be discouraged. I’ll stick with you. 别灰心,我会继续支持你的。
  Once you have made a decision, you should stick to it.
  一旦你作出决定,就应该坚持下去。
  No matter what you say, I’ll stick to my plan.
  不管你说什么,我决不改变我的计划。
  Glue has stuck to my fingers. 胶水粘住了我的手指。
  7.in reality, in fact与actually
  in reality=in fact意为“事实上”,只是客观地说明事实;而actually则意为“实际上”,强调对已述事实的修正。如:
  He doesn’t mind. In reality/fact, he is very pleased.
  他不介意,其实,他很高兴。
  Mary sings quite well. In reality/fact, her technique has reached the professional level.
  玛丽的歌唱得很好。事实上,她的技巧已经达到了专业水平。
  He looks honest, but actually he is a thief.
  他看起来诚实,但实际上是个小偷。
  Believe it or not, he actually won. 信不信由你,他真的赢了。
  8.excite, exciting与excited
  excite为及物动词,意为“使兴奋,使激动”,宾语为人或反身代词,其现在分词和过去分词分别为exciting和excited都可作形容词用,在句中作定语或表语。exciting指某事“令人兴奋、激动”,作表语时,主语是表物的词;excited表示某人对某事物“感到兴奋、激动”。如:
  The story excited the little boy, so he couldn’t sleep.
  那故事使那孩子兴奋得难以入睡。
  She couldn’t help smiling. The idea was so exciting.
  她禁不住笑了,这主意实在令人兴奋。
  It was an exciting match. 那是一场激动人心的比赛。
  The boys were excited when they saw their team was winning.
  男孩们看到自己的球队要赢了,都十分激动。
  The excited children were opening their Christmas presents.
  兴奋的孩子们正在打开各自的圣诞礼物。
  9.of one’s own与on one’s own
  of one’s own用来加强语气,放在所修饰的名词之后,表示“属于个人的,自己的”;on one’s own则表示“独自,单独;独立地,不受雇于人地”。如:
  I need a room of my own. 我需要一间属于我自己的房间。
  I have nothing of my own. 我一无所有。
  She lives on her own. 她独自一人生活。
  He can be left to work on his own. 可以让他独立工作。
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