制度性失范理论是美国学者提出的一种理论,被看成是失范理论在宏观层面上最重要的理论分支。该理论认为,美国社会的犯罪源自于美国文化所追求的美国梦带来的失范压力以及与之相伴的社会制度结构。在文化层面上,美国梦过于强调不惜一切代价去实现物质成功,而弱化使用合法手段的重要性。在社会制度层面上,经济制度主导下的社会制度结构削弱了非经济制度的社会控制能力,同时又加剧了无限制地追求物质成功这一文化压力。文化和社会制度结构两者相互促进、相互影响,加剧了社会的失范状况,最终导致了高犯罪率的产生。只有通过激发家庭、学校、政治系统的活力,提升它们对社会的控制能力;同时进行文化革新,即提升金钱成功之外的其他成功标准的地位,并强调个人责任和集体义务,才能减少犯罪。研究制度性失范理论,对避免我国走发达国家发展过程中的弯路,有效控制社会发展中的犯罪率增加问题,都有重要的借鉴意义。 Institutional amethyst theory is a theory put forward by American scholars, which is regarded as the most important theoretical branch of amelancholic theory at the macro level. The theory holds that the crime in American society stems from the pressure of anomie brought by the American dream pursued by American culture and the accompanying social system structure. At the cultural level, the American dream overemphasizes the material success at all costs and weakens the importance of using legal means. At the level of social system, the structure of social system led by the economic system weakened the social control ability of the non-economic system and at the same time exacerbated the cultural pressure of pursuing the material success without limit. The mutual promotion and interaction between the structure of culture and social system have aggravated the situation of social anomie and eventually led to the emergence of a high crime rate. Only crime can be reduced only by stimulating the vitality of families, schools and political systems to enhance their ability to control the society while simultaneously undertaking cultural innovations that promote other success criteria beyond money success and emphasizing individual and collective obligations. Studying the theory of institutional misconduct has important reference significance for avoiding the detours of our country in the process of developing the developed countries and effectively controlling the increase of the crime rate in the social development.