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麻类作物资源的保护和开发利用的成功依赖于对基因库资源遗传变异的数量、分布及其进化关系充分的了解和掌握。传统的研究方法有很大局限性,分子标记的出现弥补了传统方法的不足,成为现代科学研究的有利工具。目前关于麻类作物的遗传背景知识相对有限,但是对于作物育种又是必需的。一张高密度的遗传连锁图谱可以用于重要性状定位、重要基因克隆、比较基因组学研究和分子标记辅助育种。本文系统地论述了利用分子标记技术在6种麻类作物包括红麻、黄麻、亚麻、苎麻、大麻、剑麻的遗传连锁图谱构建及基因定位、分子标记辅助育种方面的研究进展。
The success of conservation and development and utilization of hemp crop resources relies on a full understanding and mastery of the number, distribution and evolutionary relationships of the genetic variations in the gene pool resources. The traditional research methods have very great limitations. The appearance of molecular markers makes up for the deficiency of traditional methods and becomes an advantageous tool for modern scientific research. The current genetic background on hemp crops is relatively limited, but essential for crop breeding. A high-density genetic linkage map can be used for important trait loci, important gene cloning, comparative genomics research and molecular marker-assisted breeding. This article systematically discusses the progress of molecular marker technology in genetic linkage map construction, gene mapping and molecular marker-assisted breeding of six hemp crops including kenaf, jute, flax, ramie, hemp and sisal.