在封建社会里,商界一直作为专制集权体制的政治和经济附庸物。在太平天国运动的冲击之下,清朝高度的中央集权统治日渐式微,地方实力派官僚与商界乘机利用各自在经济与政治上的优势密切合作,从而使得地方实力派经济实力日益壮大,商界的政治和社会地位也与日俱升,地方官商关系由此而空前密切,并对中央集权统治构成严重威胁。为此,清廷中央采取各种措施分化地方官实力派和商界势力:一则削弱地方官实力派的经济实力,进而打击其政治上的独立和离心倾向;二则可以通过直接控制商人势力而收天下之财货,缓解捉襟见肘的中央财政危机。商界则借助清廷中央政策由体制外进入体制内,成为政治新贵。但是其独立倾向也日益加剧,并未如清廷中央所愿继续充当专制集权体制的附庸物;同样,其与地方实力派官僚在政治和经济上千丝万缕的依存关系并未因日渐衰微的中央政府之分化政策而有所削弱。随着清末新政的进行,各种潜伏的政治和社会矛盾进一步激化,商界势力与地方实力派官僚政见相近而与中央政见分歧不可调和,这促使他们联手与中央分庭抗礼,从而加剧了清朝统治的垮台。 In feudal society, the business community has always served as a political and economic mechord for authoritarian centralization. Under the influence of the Taiping Rebellion, the high degree of centralized power of the Qing dynasty was diminishing. Local power sent bureaucrats and business communities to take advantage of their respective economic and political advantages to work closely with each other so that the strength of local power increased day by day. The political and Social status has also risen with the day, so the relationship between local officials and merchants is unprecedented close, and poses a serious threat to the centralized power. For this reason, the Central Government of the Qing adopted various measures to differentiate the local officials from those from the business sector: one weakens the economic strength of local power and thereby combats its political independence and centrifugal tendency; the other, through direct control over the power of businessmen, Receive the world’s goods, easing stretched central financial crisis. With the aid of the central government’s policy of the Qing government, the business community has entered the system from outside the system and has become a political upheaval. However, their independence tended to worsen. They did not continue to act as a co-author of the system of authoritarian centralization as the Qing Central Committee wanted. Similarly, the political and economic dependencies on the part of local power bureaucrats were not declining The central government’s policy of differentiation has been weakened. With the advent of the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty, all kinds of latent political and social conflicts were further intensified. The influence of the business community, similar to that of bureaucrats and local political power, was irreconcilable with the central political disagreements, prompting them to join hands with the Central Government to exacerbate the collapse of the rule of the Qing Dynasty .