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以不同主枝数量的篱壁式栽培富士苹果为试材,研究该条件下树冠内光照分布及其与果实品质的关系。结果表明,随着主枝数量的增加,树冠内相对光照强度小于30%的区域所占比例逐渐增加,而大于85%的区域所占比例逐渐减小,主枝数为16～18个的树冠内相对光照强度为30%～85%的(为优质光照)区域比例最高达到77%。60%～85%区域内果实单果重、可溶性糖及果皮花青苷含量均达较高水平,故该相对光照强度对果实品质形成最有利,30%～60%区域次之;相对光照强度≥85%的区域内果实可溶性糖含量最高,内在品质好,但果皮花青苷含量低(为60%～85%区域的75.6%,)。果实主要集中在相对光照小于85%区域内,30%～60%区域内的果实所占比例最高,可达总果实量的40%以上,60%～85%区域次之。结果表明,蓠壁式栽培苹果树冠内优质光照区域所占比例(最高可达77.2%)高于传统的主干形(50%～60%),有利于果树的生长、果实的发育及品质形成,同时还可以提高株间的生产效率,且单株以16～18个主枝为宜。
Taking the different numbers of main branches, the cultivated Fuji apple as test material, the light distribution in canopy and its relationship with the fruit quality under the conditions were studied. The results showed that with the increase of the number of main branches, the proportion of the area with relative light intensity less than 30% gradually increased while the percentage of areas with more than 85% gradually decreased with the number of main branches ranging from 16 to 18 Within the relative light intensity of 30% to 85% (for high-quality light) the proportion of the region up to 77%. The relative light intensity was the most favorable for the formation of fruit quality in the range of 60% ~ 85%, the fruit weight per unit area, soluble sugar and anthocyanin content in peel reached the highest level, In 85% of the area, the content of soluble sugar in fruit is the highest, and the internal quality is good, but the content of anthocyanin in fruit skin is low (75.6% in the area of 60% ~ 85%). The fruit mainly concentrated in the area of relative light less than 85%, and the fruit in the area of 30-60% had the highest proportion, reaching more than 40% of the total fruit and 60-85% of the area. The results showed that the proportion of high-quality illumination area (up to 77.2%) in the canopy of apple-wall cultivars was higher than that of the traditional trunk form (50-60%), which was beneficial to the growth of fruit trees, fruit development and quality formation. At the same time can also improve the production efficiency between strains, and individual plants with 16 to 18 main branches is appropriate.