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目的了解广州市公共场所集中空调微生物污染状况,为规范公共场所集中空调通风系统的监管提供依据。方法按照卫生部《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》的要求,在2012-2014年期间,对147家公共场所的集中空调通风系统进行采样及检验。检测项目包括了集中空调送风中细菌总数和真菌总数、风管内表面的细菌总数和真菌总数、β-溶血性链球菌,冷却水和冷凝水中的嗜肺军团菌共6个项目。结果 147家被检单位的合格率为55.8%(82/147)。2012-2014年广州市公共场所集中空调检测的各年的合格率差异无统计学意义。但从检测的6类场所来看,不同场所的合格率差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.86,P<0.05),商场的合格率最高为75.0%,而交通站台最低为38.7%。按检测项目来分析,采集2 827份检测样品中,483份送风中和风管内表面的检测样品均未检出β-溶血性链球菌。风管内表面的细菌总数和真菌总数合格率比较高,分别为98.6%和99.7%;而空调送风中细菌总数的检测合格率偏低,为69.5%。嗜肺军团菌的合格率在各场所的呈现不均匀,商场和办公楼的合格率均>90%,而交通站台和娱乐场所却≤50%。结论广州市公共场所集中空调通风系统存在微生物污染,必须加强经营单位对集中空调的清洗消毒意识,建立健全的卫生管理责任制。
Objective To understand the status of central air conditioning microbiological pollution in public places in Guangzhou and provide the basis for regulating the regulation of centralized air conditioning and ventilation systems in public places. Methods According to the requirements of the Ministry of Health, “Hygienic Standard for Central Air Conditioning and Ventilation System in Public Places”, during the period of 2014-2014, centralized ventilation and ventilation system in 147 public places was sampled and inspected. The test items included 6 items of total bacteria and total number of fungi, airborne bacteria and total number of fungi on the surface of air duct, β-hemolytic streptococcus, cooling water, and Legionella pneumophila in condensed water. Results The passing rate of 147 seized units was 55.8% (82/147). 2012-2014 Guangzhou public places centralized air-conditioning inspection of the passing rate of the years was not statistically significant. However, there were statistically significant differences in pass rates between different places (χ2 = 11.86, P <0.05). The highest passing rate of shopping malls was 75.0%, while the lowest of traffic stations was 38.7%. Analyzed according to the test items, no β-hemolytic streptococcus was detected in 2 827 test samples, 483 test samples in blast-fed and the inner surface of the air duct. The total number of bacteria on the inner surface of the duct and the total number of fungi passed the test with a relatively high pass rate of 98.6% and 99.7%, respectively. However, the pass rate of the total number of bacteria in the air-conditioned blast air was low, which was 69.5%. Legionella pneumophila pass rate in various places showed uneven, shopping malls and office buildings with a pass rate of> 90%, while the traffic platform and entertainment is less than 50%. Conclusion There is microbial contamination in central air conditioning and ventilation system in public places in Guangzhou City. It is necessary to strengthen awareness of cleaning and disinfection of central air conditioners by business units and establish a sound responsibility system for health management.