失业是工业社会在市场经济条件下不可避免的现象。实行计划经济虽然在一定程度上避免失业，但它是以牺牲效益为代价的。市场经济所带来的失业，是社会资源在经济规律作用下重新配置的必然结果，也是进一步重新配置的一个前提。在经济体制转型中，正确认识和正确处理失业问题，有助于人们积极地面对改革和挑战。 Unemployment is an inevitable phenomenon of industrial society in a market economy. Although the planned economy is to some extent avoided from unemployment, it is at the expense of efficiency. Unemployment brought about by the market economy is an inevitable result of social resources being re-allocated under the influence of economic laws and a prerequisite for further re-allocation. In economic restructuring, a correct understanding and correct handling of the unemployment problem will help people to actively face reforms and challenges.