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以“赤霞珠”葡萄为试材,采用小区试验,在河北省秦皇岛市昌黎县酿酒葡萄主产区,设置农民传统、当地推荐、高产高效和再高产高效4个不同施肥模式处理进行连续3年试验,研究各处理模式对“赤霞珠”葡萄品质及土壤氮素的影响。结果表明:2010—2012年连续3年高产高效处理的“赤霞珠”产量达到33 285kg/hm2,高于农民传统32 680kg/hm2,增产1.85%;2010—2012年不同处理下“赤霞珠”的品质在千粒重、pH值、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、维生素C含量无显著性差异,其中高产高效处理千粒重为1 351.71g最高,高于农民传统1 208.70g,增重11.83%;2010—2012年平均氮肥偏生产力高产高效处理为36.90kg/kg,显著高于农民传统的22.28kg/kg;2010—2012年4个处理在硝态氮分布趋势上表现一致,其中高产高效处理0~100cm硝态氮残留量为516.42kg/hm2,显著低于农民传统727.98kg/hm2;2010—2012年在节本增效方面,其它3个处理与农民传统相比节本增效依次为1 789、4 696、5 506元/hm2。该试验研究推荐的高产高效处理模式为最佳养分管理模式,其施肥量对指导当地的酿酒葡萄生产有一定的现实意义,保证产量的同时增加了收益,降低了施肥带来的环境污染风险。
Taking “Cabernet Sauvignon” grapes as test material, four different fertilization modes of traditional farming, local recommendation, high yield and high yield, high yield and high efficiency were conducted in the main producing area of winemaking in Changli County, Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province. The experiment was conducted for 3 consecutive years to study the effects of different treatments on grape quality and soil nitrogen of “Cabernet Sauvignon ”. The results showed that the production of “Cabernet Sauvignon” with high yield and high efficiency for three consecutive years from 2010 to 2012 reached 33,285kg / hm2, higher than that of peasants’ traditional 32,680kg / hm2, increased by 1.85%; from 2010 to 2012, Cabernet Sauvignon "had the highest grain weight, pH value, soluble solids content, titratable acid content, and vitamin C content. Among them, the yield per plant was 1 351.71 g, which was higher than that of peasant tradition, And the weight gain was 11.83%. From 2010 to 2012, the average N fertilizer partial productivity was 36.90kg / kg, significantly higher than that of farmers’ traditional 22.28kg / kg. The four treatments from 2010 to 2012 were consistent in the trend of nitrate distribution, Among them, the high-yield and high-efficiency treatment of residual nitrate nitrogen in 0 ~ 100cm was 516.42kg / hm2, which was significantly lower than that of farmer traditions, which was 727.98kg / hm2. In terms of cost-effectiveness, the other three treatments compared with peasant tradition Synergism followed by 1 789,4 696,5 506 yuan / hm2. The high-yield and high-efficiency treatment mode recommended by the experimental study is the optimal nutrient management mode. The amount of fertilizer applied has certain practical significance to guide the local wine grape production, and at the same time it increases the yield while reducing the risk of environmental pollution caused by fertilization.