In order to study vegetation evolution and en- vironmental change since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), a total of 180 pollen samples with an average time resolution of 150 years were analyzed on the top parts(0–31 m, 0–27 kaBP)of deep sea sediments from ODP Site 1144 (20°3.18′N, 1170°25.14′E), northeastern SCS. The character- istic fea- tures of pollen diagram include that pine dominates in the interglacial, and herb pollen dominates with a good deal of tropical-subtropical pollen in the last glacial, and from 18 kaBP the tropical-subtropical pollen influx rose abruptly, while the herbaceous pollen influx and percentage dropped quickly, indicating that climate turned warmer and more humid, and more tropical-subtropical vegetation grew on the mainland and the emerging continental shelf, while the grassland on the shelf diminished. A detailed comparison shows an earlier change of pollen assemblages at the glacial- interglacial transition between MIS6 and 5 (Termination II) than the ice volume change indicated by the oxygen isotope record, implying that mid-low latitude climate warming pre- ceded ice sheet retreat. Millennial-scale climatic fluctuations of vegetation change in pollen record are also discussed.