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谷胱甘肽 (GSH)主要在肝脏合成 ,经肠肝和肾肝循环运送到肾脏 ,经肾小球滤过后 ,可被位于肾小管细胞刷状缘的降解酶水解为氨基酸 ,重吸收后再合成GSH ,但主要是在肾小管细胞基底膜侧经载体介导以完整的三肽形式吸收。在细胞内有两个重要的GSH池 ,一个是细胞浆 ,一个是线粒体 ,线粒体不能合成GSH ,细胞浆GSH通过线粒体内膜的有机阴离子载体转运到线粒体内 ,在保护细胞免受氧化损伤中起重要作用。肾近曲小管细胞和远曲小管细胞对氧化损伤的敏感性不同 ,与细胞内GSH的含量不同和线粒体内膜的阴离子载体对GSH的转运能力的不同有关。GSH代谢系统具有解毒和活化的双重毒理学意义
Glutathione (GSH) is mainly synthesized in the liver and transported to the kidney via the enterohepatic and renal circulation. After being filtered through the glomerulus, glutathione (GSH) can be hydrolyzed to amino acids by degradative enzymes located in the brush border of tubular cells. GSH synthesis, but mainly in the basement membrane side of the tubular cells mediated by the carrier intact tripeptide form of absorption. In the cell there are two important GSH pools, one is the cytoplasm, one is mitochondria, mitochondria can not synthesize GSH, cytoplasmic GSH is transported to the mitochondria through the mitochondrial internal organic anion carrier, in protecting cells from oxidative damage Important role. The sensitivity of renal proximal tubule cells and distal convoluted tubule cells to oxidative damage is different from that of intracellular GSH and that of anion transporters of mitochondrial inner membrane to GSH. The GSH metabolic system has the dual toxicological meaning of detoxification and activation