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后置于动词的补语,很能体现汉语的语义——语法特点。语言学家历来对补语有多种定义,也有多种分类。大致有如下几种代表性看法: 1.补语是后附的副词性附加语。(黎锦熙) 2.补语是修饰语的修饰,是三品中的末品。(王力) 3.动词的补足语,形容词的补足语。(吕叔湘、朱德熙) 4.用在动词、形容词或“动宾结构”的后面作补充说明的。(张世禄) 5.补语是修饰动词或宾语的。(太田辰夫) 6.补语是对中心语进行补充说明的。(田申瑛) 这些都是从补语的语义指向来谈论的,认为补语主要是修饰谓词(动词或形容词)的,也可以修饰名词性的主语或宾语。我们把补语的上述语义关系加以形式化(N_S,主语;N_O,宾语;V,谓词;C,补语)如下:
After the complement of the verb, it can reflect the Chinese semantic - grammatical features. Linguists have always had a variety of definitions of complement, there are a variety of classification. The following general view of the following representative: 1. Complement is the attached adverbial adverbial. (Li Jinxi) 2. Complement is a modification of modifiers, is the last of the three products. (Wang Li) 3. Complement language verbs, addendum complement language. (Lv Shuxiang, Zhu Dexi) 4. Used in verbs, adjectives or “moving object structure” to be added later. (Zhang Shilu) 5. Complement is modified verbs or objects. (Ota Kaifu) 6. Complement is the central language to add that. (Tian Shenying) These are all discussed from the semantic orientation of complement, which is that the complement mainly modifies the predicate (verb or adjective), and can also modify the nominal subject or object. We formalize the above semantic relations of complements (N_S, subject; N_O, object; V, predicate; C, complement) as follows: