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目的通过对深圳市鼠疫宿主动物及媒介的监测和分析,为鼠疫防治工作提供依据。方法采用笼日法;采集全部活鼠体表蚤鉴定后分类;采用鼠疫间接血球凝集试验(IHA)查鼠血清F1抗体,脏器压印法分离鼠疫耶尔森氏菌。结果 2005年共捕获鼠形动物472只,捕获率8.25%,隶属于2目2科3属4种,褐家鼠占87.50%;2010年共捕获鼠形动物320只,捕获率7.52%,隶属于2目2科4属5种,褐家鼠占94.06%;两次监测均显示褐家鼠为本市优势鼠种。南山区鼠密度下降趋势明显,二者差异有统计学意义(χ2=48.7,P<0.001)。2005年发现129只鼠形动物寄生565匹印鼠客蚤,染蚤率为27.33%,总蚤指数为1.20;2010年发现35只鼠形动物寄生79匹印鼠客蚤,染蚤率为10.93%,总蚤指数为0.25。染蚤率(χ2=31.2,P<0.001)和总蚤指数(χ2=1 130.0,P<0.001)呈下降趋势。2005年获鼠血清458份,2010年获鼠血清315份,鼠疫F1抗体检测均为阴性。2005年鼠脏器压印培养407份,2010年鼠脏器压印培养320份,均未分离出鼠疫杆菌。结论深圳市未发现鼠间鼠疫疫情,鼠疫媒介生物密度呈下降趋势,南山区鼠密度下降趋势明显。
Objective To monitor and analyze the plague host animals and vectors in Shenzhen and provide basis for the prevention and control of plague. Methods Cage method was used to collect the fleas of all living mice. The fleas were identified by the method of IHA and F1 antibody was isolated by organ imprint method. Yersinia pestis was isolated by organ imprint method. Results A total of 472 murine animals were captured in 2005, with a capture rate of 8.25%, belonging to 4 species of 3 genera of 2 orders, 2 families and 87.50% of Rattus norvegicus. In 2010, a total of 320 mouse-shaped animals were captured with a capture rate of 7.52% 2 orders, 2 families, 4 genera and 5 species, Rattus norvegicus accounted for 94.06%; two monitoring showed that Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species in this city. The decline of rat density in Nanshan District was significant, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 48.7, P <0.001). In 2005, a total of 129 rat-type fleas were found to have been parasitized by 565 rats in 2005, with a flea-feeding rate of 27.33% and a total flea index of 1.20. In 2010, 35 rat-shaped fleas were found parasitized by 79 murine animals, with a flea flea infection rate of 10.93 %, Total flea index of 0.25. Dyed flea rate (χ2 = 31.2, P <0.001) and total flea index (χ2 = 1 130.0, P <0.001) showed a downward trend. In 2005 won 458 copies of rat serum, in 2010 won the serum of 315, the plague F1 antibody test were negative. In 2007, there were 407 implants in rats and 320 in implants in rats in 2010, all of which did not isolate Yersinia pestis. Conclusion There was no epidemic outbreak of plague in Shenzhen City. The density of plague media was declining, and the density of rats in Nanshan district decreased significantly.