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舌尖现象(tip-of-the-tongue,TOT)是一种普遍发生的现象,但是发生TOT的对象、情景、机制等却是特殊和复杂的。因此,它引起了研究者的关注,尤其是在其产生机制上更是存在着很多争论。国外研究者提出了部分激活理论、传递缺陷理论、障碍物假说、神经网络模型、元认知理论等。但研究者大多都基于单一条件或情景来探讨TOT的产生,因此提出的理论的使用范围,解释广度等均有局限。关于TOT依然有许多疑惑,同时也存在值得探讨的课题。
Tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) is a common phenomenon, but the TOT of the occurrence of the object, scenarios, mechanisms, etc. are special and complex. Therefore, it aroused the researchers’ attention, especially in the mechanism of its existence there is much controversy. Foreign researchers put forward partial activation theory, transmission defect theory, obstacle hypothesis, neural network model, metacognitive theory. However, most of the researchers discuss the production of TOT based on a single condition or scenario. Therefore, the scope of application, the breadth of interpretation and so on of the proposed theory are limited. There are still many doubts about the TOT, but also there are issues worth exploring.