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本文通过剖析宋代农民经济构成和经营方式的变化 ,提出了“小农、小工、小商三位一体化”的概念 ,认为宋代农民在农业生产的同时 ,普遍以兼业的方式从事手工业小商品生产、小商业经营、小雇佣劳动 ,其家庭经济是由多种成分构成的复合式单元 ,从而出现了小农、小工、小商的三位一体化趋势。这是人多地少的矛盾、官赋私债的驱逼、市场机制的导向等因素综合作用的结果。小农经济构成的混合性、多元化 ,对商品经济的发展产生了重大影响 ,使小农经济成为更具有韧性、张力的稳定结构。
By analyzing the changes of peasants’ economic structure and management mode in Song Dynasty, this paper put forward the concept of “integration of small-scale peasant, small-scale peasant and small-trader”. They think that in the Song Dynasty, peasants engaged in the production of small handicrafts Commercial operations and small-wage labor, whose family economy is a composite unit of various components, led to the trend toward the integration of small-scale farmers, small laborers and small traders. This is the result of the combined effect of many contradictions and the persistence of government-owned private debts and the guidance of the market mechanism. The mix and diversification of the peasant economy constitute a major impact on the development of the commodity economy, making the peasant economy a more resilient and stable structure.