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壁画艺术作为诸多艺术形式的重要组成部分 ,它的发展与不同时期的社会生活习俗、宗教、哲学思想和审美观念紧密相联。干壁画与湿壁画实质上是东西方文化差异在这些方面的具体体现。随着石窟考古学、美术史学、古代工艺史学等领域研究的不断深入与拓展 ,向科技考古学提出了“如何鉴定古代干壁画与湿壁画”这一问题。本文从这两种形式壁画制作材料和工艺上的差别出发 ,论述了鉴定古代干湿壁画的科学方法 ,并探讨了中国有无湿壁画这个美术史学界关注的问题。
Mural art, as an important part of many art forms, is closely linked with social life customs, religions, philosophical thoughts and aesthetic conceptions in different periods. Dry murals and wet murals are essentially the concrete manifestation of these differences between eastern and western cultural differences. With the continuous deepening and expansion of researches in grotto archeology, art historiography and ancient process historiography, the author put forward the question of “How to Identify Ancient Dry Mural and Wet Mural” to scientific archeology. Based on the differences between materials and processes in the two types of murals, this article discusses the scientific methods of identifying the ancient murals of wet and dry mosaics and discusses the concerns of the art historians in China whether or not there are wet murals.