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本文根据作者参加设计与全国水轮机调研工作的体会,从机理上论证水轮机损坏属于多种因素联合作用的结果。认为流道内局部脱流往往是导致损坏的内在原因,在讯期浑水运行时,泥砂磨损是流道局部损坏的主要表现形式,这是因为“微射流”促使泥砂产生极为强烈的脱流磨损,从而掩盖了表面汽蚀的痕迹,而呈现与清水情况不同的表面征兆。按两相流分析,液相汽蚀与固相磨损彼此交织在一起。
Based on the author’s experience in the design and investigation of national turbines, this paper argues from the mechanism that the damage to the turbine belongs to the combined result of many factors. It is considered that the internal flow in the runner is often the internal cause of the damage. During the wetland operation, the sand abrasion is the main form of local damage to the runner. This is because the “micro-jet” causes the sand to produce a very strong off Flow wear, which mask the traces of surface cavitation, showing a different surface condition and clear water symptoms. According to two-phase flow analysis, liquid phase cavitation and solid phase abrasion are intertwined with each other.